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Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Key Elements in Hereditary Information

Explore the fundamental building blocks of life processes - nucleotides. Dive into the structure of nucleotides, their role in DNA and RNA, and how they control hereditary information, guiding genetic diversity. Unravel the significance of nitrogen bases, sugars, and phosphate in nucleic acids.

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Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Key Elements in Hereditary Information

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  1. Vocabulary for Today…. Nucleotide Nucleic Acid DNA

  2. NUCLEOTIDES

  3. Hereditary Information Controls Life Processes • Atoms of elements (C,H,O,P,N) • Nucleotides -3 parts:a.phosphate • b.sugar • c.nitrogen base All these create HEREDITY (Chemical instructions passed from parents to the offspring at reproduction) • Nucleic Acids - 2 types: a.RNA • b.DNA • Gene- sequence of DNA nucleotides on a chromosome that code for one characteristic • Chromosomes- long thread like group of genes found in the nucleus • Nucleus Cell

  4. Nucleotides General Structure: Nitrogen Base Sugar Phosphate

  5. A. Phosphate Structure of Nucleotides: • Supplies “NRG” (energy) for: • Making Nucleic Acid (DNA & RNA) Molecules which create HEREDITY for the organism • Replication- making exact copies of Nucleic Acids • Protein Synthesis B. Nitrogen Bases: • Adenine • Guanine • Thymine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA) • Cytosine

  6. Ribose: 5-Carbon Sugar (Pentose) Has one more Oxygen than deoxyribose Deoxyribose 5-Carbon Sugar (Pentose) Has one less Oxygen than ribose C. Sugars: 2 types

  7. Nucleotides are “Building Blocks” for the 2 types of Nucleic Acids A. Deoxyribonucleotides B. Ribonucleotides Make RNA: RiboNucleic Acid - Make DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid - Types of Nitrogen Bases: - Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) - 2 Chemical differences between DNA and RNA are: 1. DNA has Deoxyribose sugar 2. DNA Has Thymine D R • - Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G) • Adenine (A) • Uracil (U) • 1. RNA has Ribose sugar • 2. RNA Has Uracil P NB NB P

  8. Heredity is established by… …The number and sequence of the nucleotides. This is how we get our genetic diversity.

  9. Review! • What are the building blocks for nucleic acids? • Nucleotides! • What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids? • DNA & RNA • What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? • Phosphate • 5-Carbon Sugar • (Deoxyribose or ribose) • Nitrogen Base

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