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C.W. Linac Options

This talk outlines the past achievements, current developments, and future possibilities of high intensity proton accelerators. It focuses on the cost, ideas, and credits associated with these advancements, providing a Fermi-centric perspective.

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C.W. Linac Options

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  1. C.W. Linac Options Milorad Popovic FNAL WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  2. Outline of Talk • Past, Ideas, Credits • Present • Near Future - Cost • Dream Just One Man’s Opinion, mostly Fermi centric view WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  3. Past, Ideas, Credits • Tesla demonstration of pulsed SC Structure, ~1998, • SNS Design based on SC Technology, late 1999, Y. Cho • Los Alamos ATW, APT, ~1998, D. Chan • Foster Proton Driver, 2002 • CEBAF CW Upgrade … • Muon Collider People contributions Nufact05, CW Proton Linac Linac 2000 WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  4. Current Thinking (almost) WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  5. Cyclotron Front End Front End • Small Energy Spread -> DC Injector ~1MeV • Poor Capture -> DC 3mA to get out 1mA • Isochronous -> short bunch • ~54MHz ~325/6MHz • Single turn Extraction H-, ~100MeV • 1T magnetic Field, no problem with H- Striping • Cheap, Compact, Very Efficient ~80% • Working example PSI WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  6. Conventional Front End • Ion Source, H- , DC, < 1mA • LEBT, ~30-50 kV, short • RFQ, 162MHz , < 2.2MeV, DC, warm • MEBT, probably very short “Low” Energy Linac • Single Spoke, ~10MeV • Double Spoke ~100MeV • Triple Spoke ~400MeV • Beta=0.81 ~1.2GeV • Beta=1, ~2.xGeV • FODO, quads (Almost) Copy of ICD-2, Nagaitsev, Solyak, Yakovlev, et al Copy of ICD-1, (Almost) Ostroumov, et al WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  7. “High” Energy Linac • There is ~40m long warm section at 2.x GeV • Kink, ~3 degree between “Low” and “High” Energy Linacs • High Energy Linac directed ~toward DUSEL • Injection at MI10, 5GeV< Injection energy ≤ 8GeV • 0.125mA < H- Current < 1mA • -5 Degree <Synchronous Phase < -2 Degree • 9 Cell, 9 cavities per Cryo Module • FODO, quads outside • 16MV/m < Eacc < 18MV/m WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  8. 1MW@8GeV example, Cost from 2 to 8GeV • 125MeV/Cryo module, 12 meters long • H- 0.125mA -> 16kW/Cryo Module of RF • Cryo Power at 2K 22.5W/cavity ->200W/Cryo module WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  9. “Low” Energy & Chopping H- Source • Triumf has few mA DC source, since 1997 • Muons Inc. (Dudnikov) has new Penning Source • Long ~100ns notches, LEBT Single solenoid, two valves, two trims, two laser ports, 60cm long, sharp notching WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  10. Ion Source Pulsed Extractor Doug Moehs Beam deflection plates are part of a 50 Ohm transmission line. 61 mA 75% beam extinction in 750 keV line Beam off ~2.2 microseconds between notches 0 mA WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  11. Ion Source Pulsed Extractor Doug Moehs There is also aprox. 400 ns of beam recovery after the notch is turn off. Tomorrow I will look at T2 which is just before the buncher. Over night the notch will be turned off. - D. Moehs WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  12. Laser Striping R Tolmin WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  13. RFQ • Injection Energy can be low, ~20keV (peak current is low) • Final Energy < 2.2MeV (bellow neutron production) • RF 162MHz • Holes for Laser Beam • Warm, Q< few 1000, to have fast Amplitude/Phase Control • Fast Phase change for π/4 as way of chopping NO MEBT (Almost) Assumption is that all chopping can be done at extraction from source and using Laser(s) H- neutralization and RFQ phase shifting. WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  14. Transition at 2.x GeV to High Energy Linac • There is kink, about 3 degree, and warm transfer line • A Double-Bend Achromat!?( Dipole 2meter, 0.25T) • RF switching for 2.x GeV Experiments, Additional kick from middle quadrupole • Injection of H- to High Energy Linac, (may be line should be isochronous, Buncher?!) • Injection of Muons for NuFactory and Muon Collider WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  15. High Energy Linac, PARMILA WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  16. Injection & Accumulation 125uA current , 1MW@8GeV -> 7.8x1014 , Main Injector can take 1.5x1014 -> total injection time in Recycler ~200msec To ease Injection, AC Dipole scheme is envisioned, Muons Inc (Ankenbrandt) Every 20msec, circulating beam spends 4 msec on foil with H- injected beam WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  17. Room (Hope) for Improvement Qo (residual resistance) is main cost driver Poorly understood but under active investigation WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  18. capital total cost capital cost 10 Yr operating cost 1.5 operation 0.8 0.4 RF total tunnel cryo 0.6 0.3 linac 1 RF normalized cost normalized cost normalized cost 0.4 0.2 cryo 0.5 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 field gradient [MV/m] field gradient [MV/m] field gradient [MV/m] cavity Q tunnel length number of cavities 0 11 1500 800 10 1000 600 10 length [m] 0 # 10 Q 500 400 9 0 200 10 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 field gradient [MV/m] field gradient [MV/m] field gradient [MV/m] IOT peak power cryo AC power cryo power fractions 20 15 10 15 10 power [MW] power [MW] power [kW] 10 5 5 5 0 0 0 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 field gradient [MV/m] field gradient [MV/m] field gradient [MV/m] Example: Dependence on Accelerating Field Gradient (B. Rimmer) Matthias Liepe, ERL 2009 Cornell University, Ithaca New York cav. dyn. HOM input C static

  19. Conclusions • Large scale CW SRF is viable • HEP is not alone, ADS, ERLs and FELs have very similar demands • Cost “optimization” Crucial - Full multi-variable optimization absolute must, --1.3GHz?? • Why Now-Today? WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  20. Booster-era Beam Transfer Scheme g-2 m->e Rare Kaon Decays m Test Facility New 200-kW target station that can be upgraded to >2 MW Ankenbrandt and Popovic, Fermilab 20

  21. Beam Path to 200kW target station in Project X Era Ankenbrandt and Popovic, Fermilab 21

  22. Sitting of mu2e, g-2, Kaons, m test area, 4GeV n Factory mu2e Rare Ks g-2 nfactory mtest area Nufact09-IIT 22

  23. Path of Beams to 4 GeV n Factory in Project XLR8 Era Ankenbrandt and Popovic, Fermilab 23

  24. Neutrino Factory as 1st Step Toward Muon Collider Proton Accumulation, Bunching Ring, 10 bunches 5x14GeV m Linac b =1, 50Hz 7GeV H- Linac b =1 Structure Proton Driver 2-4MW, 5Hz 2-4MW-Target 1GeV H- Linac b <1 Structure 4 GeV ,400MHz DogBone m Linac m Capture/Bunching/Cooling 1 GeV ,200MHz m Linac

  25. n DUSEL 8GeV H- Beam 4 or 40GeV n-Fact H-Striping&Proton Accumulation Bunching Targeting m CuptureBunchingCoolingAcceleration

  26. Muon Collider Stage 80GeV Linac Bunch Merging Linac 80GeV Linac Collider Ring

  27. WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

  28. WG-2, High Intensity Proton Accelerator Application Workshop, FNAL October-09

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