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Forgetting

Forgetting. Forgetting can occur at any memory stage As we process information, we filter, alter, or lose much of it. Forgetting. Two Main areas: Encoding Failure Retrieval Failure Cue Dependant Forgetting: Lack of similar cues to prompt recall

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Forgetting

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  1. Forgetting • Forgetting can occur at any memory stage • As we process information, we filter, alter, or lose much of it

  2. Forgetting • Two Main areas: • Encoding Failure • Retrieval Failure • Cue Dependant Forgetting: • Lack of similar cues to prompt recall • Considered by some to be most common form of forgetting • “tip of the tongue phenomena”

  3. Forgetting as Interference

  4. Forgetting • Decay • The natural deterioration of our brain capacity • “use it or lose it”

  5. Forgetting • Misinformation Effect • incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event • Pseudomemories (false memories)

  6. Depiction of actual accident Leading question: “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” Memory construction Forgetting • Eyewitnesses reconstruct memories when questioned

  7. Forgetting • Motivated Forgetting • people sometimes unknowingly revise memories due to discomfort, guilt, denial, etc. • Repression • defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories (Psychogenic amnesia) • involves controversy of false memories as well

  8. Memory Issues • Amnesia • memory loss w/o other memory difficulties • Organic Amnesia • Usually the result to brain disease or head injury • Psychogenic Amnesia (Repression) • Source Amnesia • attributing to the wrong source an event that we experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

  9. Memory Issues • Alzheimer’s Disease • A progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilties

  10. Improve Your Memory • Use distributed practice • Pay attention • Over learn - spend more time rehearsing or actively thinking about the material • Make material personally meaningful • Encode information in more than one way • Use mnemonic devices • associate something already stored • make up story • chunk • use visual imagery

  11. Improve Your Memory • Activate retrieval cues--mentally recreate situation and mood • Recall events while they are fresh-- before you encounter misinformation • Minimize interference • Test your own knowledge • rehearse • determine what you do not yet know

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