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LIMAS WP3 Large-Scale Model Tests on a Caisson Breakwater

LIMAS WP3 Large-Scale Model Tests on a Caisson Breakwater. Matthias Kudella Leichtweiss-Institut (LWI) Technical University of Braunschweig & GeoDelft. LIMAS Liquefaction Around Marine Structures. 5th Meeting April 2003. EVK3-CT-2000-00038. Contents. Relevant Processes

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LIMAS WP3 Large-Scale Model Tests on a Caisson Breakwater

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  1. LIMAS WP3Large-Scale Model Tests on a Caisson Breakwater Matthias KudellaLeichtweiss-Institut (LWI)Technical University of Braunschweig & GeoDelft LIMAS Liquefaction Around Marine Structures 5th Meeting April 2003 EVK3-CT-2000-00038

  2. Contents • Relevant Processes • Measuring Methodology (Overview) • 1st Test Phase (without breakwater) • 2nd Test Phase (with breakwater) • Forthcoming Works

  3. Definition of Wave Type and relevant Wave Parameters Structure Parameters Wave Load on the Structure Waveheight H Waveperiod T Waterdepth h Wave Profile (asymmetrie, front steepness) Pressure Distribution p (t) Tilting Moment M (t) Resulting Forces FH (t), FU (t) Static: Caisson Width BC Dynamic: Caisson Mass mcai Hydrodynamic Mass mhyd Geodynamic Mass mgeo Damping Coefficient Dx, Dj Stiffness Coefficient kx, kj C p (t) H M (t) FH (t) L h FU (t) BC Stress induced by Structure Motions Translation - Surging x' (t) - Heaving z' (t) Rotation - Pitching j (t) Direct Wave Induced Pressure at the Bottom (outer Boundary) z' (t) Pressure Distribution p0 (t) x' (t) Mound Parameter j (t) Shear Modulus G Young Modulus E Permeability kf Poisson Ratio n x s (t) Porosity n Total Stress at the Bottom z { sZ (t) = p0 (t) + sZ' (t) tXZ (t) BC s (t) p0 (t) BC 3 2 4 1 5 Relevant Processes

  4. Stress induced by Structure Motions Translation - Surging x' (t) - Heaving z' (t) Rotation - Pitching j (t) z' (t) x' (t) Mound Parameter j (t) Shear Modulus G Young Modulus E Permeability kf Poisson Ratio n x s (t) Total Stress at the Bottom z { sZ (t) = p0 (t) + sZ' (t) tXZ (t) BC s (t) Direct Wave Induced Pressure at the Bottom (outer Boundary) Pressure Distribution p0 (t) Porosity n p0 (t) BC 5 7 6 2 Soil Parameter (Sand) Residual Pore Water Pressure in the Soil u (t) Permeability kf,X, kf,Y Shear Modulus G Young Modulus E Relative Density Dr e.g. Porosity n Saturation Sr Unloading/Reloading Modulus Mr Poisson Ratio n BC u (t) Relevant Processes

  5. Inductive Displacement Meters Wave Gauges 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 3.30 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Caisson with Sand- filling 4.05 m SWL 2.76 m HS, TP 2.50 m 3.45 m 1:1.5 1.00 m 2.45 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m 3 Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic) Measuring Devices: Pressure 4 2 Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic, directional) Methodology:Overview

  6. Wave Gauges 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 4.05 m SWL HS, TP 2.35 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m 3 Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic) Measuring Devices: 4 2 Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic, directional) 1st Test Phase:Construction

  7. Wave Gauges 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 4.05 m SWL HS, TP 2.35 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m 3 Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic) Measuring Devices: 4 2 Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic, directional) Measuring Devices

  8. Wave Gauges 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 4.05 m SWL HS, TP 2.35 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m 3 Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic) Measuring Devices: 4 2 Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic, directional) Measuring Devices

  9. Wave Gauges 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 4.05 m SWL HS, TP 2.35 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m 3 Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic) Measuring Devices: 4 2 Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic, directional) Sand Bed Preparation

  10. Test Programme

  11. Measured Sand Profile

  12. Water Elevation and Pore Pressure Development Wave at WG 19 Pore Water Pressure Regular Waves, h = 1.7 m, H = 0.8 m, T = 4.5 s z = - 0.10 m Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure z = - 0.69 m z = - 2.00 m

  13. Simultaneous Pressure Distribution (Crest) L = 17.3 m hmax = 0.54 m z = - 0.10 m z = - 0.69 m z = - 2.00 m p0 [ kPa ] Wave Crest

  14. Simultaneous Pressure Distribution (Trough) L = 17.3 m hmin = - 0.27 m z = - 0.10 m z = - 0.69 m z = - 2.00 m p0 [ kPa ] Wave Trough

  15. Inductive Displacement Meters Wave Gauges 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 3.30 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Caisson with Sand- filling 4.05 m SWL 2.76 m HS, TP 2.50 m 3.45 m 1:1.5 1.00 m 2.45 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m 3 Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic) Measuring Devices: Pressure 4 2 Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic, directional) 2nd Test Phase (with breakwater)

  16. Breakwater Construction

  17. Inductive Displacement Meters Wave Gauges 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 3.30 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Caisson with Sand- filling 4.05 m SWL 2.76 m HS, TP 2.50 m 3.45 m 1:1.5 1.00 m 2.45 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m 3 Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic) Measuring Devices: Pressure 4 2 Pore Water Pressure Pore Water Pressure + Total Stress (isotropic, directional) Measuring Devices

  18. Inductive Displacement Meters Wave Gauges Displacement Meter 7.00 m Wave Flume Top 3.30 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Caisson with Sand- filling 4.05 m SWL 2.76 m HS, TP 2.50 m 3.45 m 1:1.5 1.00 m 2.45 m 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Impermeable Sheets 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 Conductivity Measurement Sand d50 = 0.35 mm Sand d50 = 0.21 mm 2 2 2 2 0.00 m Flume Bottom Separation Wall (Sandbags) 7.20 m Measuring Devices

  19. Test Programme

  20. Motion of the Caisson Total Moment Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion Front Vertical Motion Back Regular Waves, H = 0.7 m, T = 6.5 s

  21. Vertical Motion and Induced Pore Pressure Vertical Motion Front Vertical Motion Back Pore Water Pressure Front Pore Water Pressure Back Regular Waves, H = 0.7 m, T = 6.5 s

  22. Simultaneous Pressure Distribution p [ kPa ] Impact Load, t = 250.25 s

  23. Simultaneous Pressure Distribution p [ kPa ] Max. Caisson Displacement, t = 250.29 s

  24. Development of Pore Pressure Regular Waves, H = 0.7 m, T = 6.5 s

  25. Residual Pore Pressure Set-up 25 25 29 29 42 43 42 43 25 29 42 43 Regular Waves, H = 0.7 m, T = 6.5 s

  26. Influence of Pre-Shearing on Pressure Generation High Relative Density Low Relative Density Position A Position B Low Relative Density High Relative Density Regular Waves, H = 0.7 m, T = 6.5 s

  27. Caisson Motion for all Tests Caisson Motion [mm, mRad] No. of Tests Final Settlement ca. 100 mm

  28. Horizontal Motion of Sand Vertical Settlement 70 mm Removal of Construction

  29. Forthcoming Works • Preparing results for the report • Including results of laboratory tests • Verifying existing models with obtained data

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