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Progressive Era

Progressive Era. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFlOLyMwnjU. ESSENTIAL QUESTION. What is the role of government in balancing personal liberty and the welfare of the nation?. 3 areas of reform:. Business/Economic Social Government. 1) Business & Economic Reforms. Monopolies

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Progressive Era

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  1. Progressive Era http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFlOLyMwnjU

  2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION • What is the role of government in balancing personal liberty and the welfare of the nation?

  3. 3 areas of reform: • Business/Economic • Social • Government

  4. 1) Business & Economic Reforms • Monopolies • Working Conditions • Consumer Protection

  5. Monopolies • Railroads: • Interstate Commerce Act (ICC) • TR takes on Northern Securities—and wins • Hepburn Act: limited free passes, gave ICC power to set max rates • Trust-Busting: • Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Clayton Anti-Trust Act • TR files 44 antitrust suits

  6. Working Conditions • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdNYqBP_5q4 • Child Labor • http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor/videos#the-fight-to-end-child-labor

  7. LABOR • Child: • National Child Labor Committee • Keating Owen Act: prohibited transportation of goods produced with child labor across state lines • Supreme Court says unconstitutional, but states pass various laws • Women: • Muller v. Oregon: working hours could be limited • All: • Worker’s Compensation: passed in states, nationally by 1916 • Minimum wage: not until 1938

  8. Consumer Protection • Protecting Health • Upton Sinclair : The Jungle • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2ppaJwQ9UM • Meat Inspection Act • Protecting Food • Pure Food and Drug Act • Truth in labeling! • Halted sale contaminated foods and medicine • Creation of Food and Drug Administration

  9. 2) SOCIAL ISSUES: Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/jacob-riis

  10. Living Conditions • Settlement House movement: • Social Gospel movement (salvation through service to the poor) • Jane Addams & Hull House in Chicago 1889: community centers that provided educational, cultural and social services • Literacy, nursing, classes, furniture, food, etc.

  11. Other help: • YMCA • Salvation Army (“slum brigades”) • Florence Kelley (campaigned for improving factory conditions)

  12. PROHIBITION • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (Chicago 1873) • 245,00 members in 1911 • Worked for suffrage • Reached out to immigrants • Carry Nation • Anti-Saloon League • DEMON RUM: “undermining American culture and democracy”

  13. U.S. becomes DRY! • 18th Amendment in 1920…more on that later

  14. 3) Government Reforms • Election reforms • Women’s suffrage • Conservation • Civil Rights issues

  15. Election Reforms • To reduce corruption and improve efficiency • Initiative: voters can propose law on ballot • Referendum: citizens can vote on proposed OR existing law • Recall: voters can remove elected official • Important leader: Robert La Follette (the Wisconsin idea)

  16. Other Reforms: • 16th Amendment: federal income tax • 17th Amendment: direct election of Senators

  17. Women’s Suffrage • Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton: • National American Woman Suffrage Association • First presidential candidate in 1872! • Successes out West (Wyoming, Utah) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSmbNN0C8K8

  18. Success? • 19th Amendment • But not until 1920

  19. Civil Rights • The forgotten reform….. • Booker T. Washington: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07cispyOhWQ&app=desktop • W.E.B. DuBois: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wemGETdjx0w&app=desktop • Lynching: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8Qr62pANjc&app=desktop

  20. End result: African Americans are left out of the Progressive reforms. • WWI soldiers will come back to America and demand protection of rights

  21. Conservation • Theodore Roosevelt • Friends with John Muir • Believed that government should manage lands, preserving some, using some for economic purposes • Established US Forest Service, headed by Gifford Pinchot • Added nearly 150 million acres to national forests

  22. Newlands Reclamation Act • Irrigation projects to make dry lands productive • Roosevelt launched 20 reclamation projects

  23. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • 3 C’s • Consumer protection • Corporate Regulation • Conservation of Natural Resources • Use of the “bully pulpit”

  24. Taft follows Roosevelt • Actually more of a “trust buster” than TR • A split in the Republican party for 1912 election • Taft vs. • Roosevelt’s “Bull Moose” party • RESULT: Democrats win!

  25. Great review to watch tonight! • http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eIJ2n0w48Bc&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DeIJ2n0w48Bc

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