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Alternatives to DDT

Alternatives to DDT. Janice Jensen, USEPA LRTAP POPs Task Force March 1, 2004. Purpose. Review availability & feasibility of safer and economically viable alternatives to DDT Coordinate with WHO, UNEP, FAO Final review due by one year after EIF. DDT Global Production & Use.

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Alternatives to DDT

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  1. Alternatives to DDT Janice Jensen, USEPA LRTAP POPs Task Force March 1, 2004

  2. Purpose • Review availability & feasibility of safer and economically viable alternatives to DDT • Coordinate with WHO, UNEP, FAO • Final review due by one year after EIF

  3. DDT Global Production & Use Intend to produce - Stockholm Convention • China • India • Russian Federation Indicated the need to use - Stockholm Conv • Disease vector control (32 countries) • Intermediate to produce dicofol (Brazil, China) • As contaminant in dicofol (Korea)

  4. World Health Organization • Action Plan to reduce reliance on DDT • Component of Roll Back Malaria • WHO will assist countries to reduce reliance on DDT • Concerned about re-emergence of malaria in areas considered “eradicated”

  5. Alternative Vector Control Strategies Factors that contribute to DDT use: • Malaria transmission intensity • Vector biology and ecology • Health and vector control services • Available resources • Insufficient knowledge base • Lack of safe, cost-effective alternatives

  6. Instead of DDT, countries rely on… • Other residual insecticides • Biological control • Personal protective measures such as impregnated bed nets • Environmental management

  7. Chemical Pesticides • WHO pesticide evaluation scheme • Evaluates new products • Identifies pesticides that meet WHO standards and guidelines for malaria control • Assesses pesticide cost effectiveness-case by case • DDT may be least expensive-cost per house

  8. 1990 Cost Comparison of Insecticides Reference: K. Walker, Medical and Veterinary Entomology (2000) 14, 345-354.

  9. WHO Insecticides Suitable for Indoor Spraying

  10. Conclusions • DDT is not produced or used by most countries in the UNECE region • Malaria is not a significant health problem in the region • However, malaria is re-emerging in areas where it was considered “eradicated” • Several pesticides are routinely used for vector control in place of DDT • Cost data indicate that DDT may be the least expensive pesticide on a cost per house basis • Insect resistance, high cost, and market access may limit insecticide choice • Other interventions (early diagnosis and treatment) may be more cost effective than VC

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