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Waves

Chapter 10. Waves. Chapter 10 –Waves. Wave – a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place Medium – material that the wave travels in Water wave – water Sound wave – solid, liquid, or gas (air) Mechanical waves – waves that require a medium to travel through

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Waves

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  1. Chapter10 Waves

  2. Chapter 10 –Waves • Wave – a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place • Medium – material that the wave travels in • Water wave – water • Sound wave – solid, liquid, or gas (air) • Mechanical waves – waves that require a medium to travel through • The medium does not travel along with the wave. • Water moves up and down while the wave moves past.

  3. Vibration – repeated back and forth or up and down motion that can create waves. • Transverse wave – a wave that has crests and troughs • Example: a water wave

  4. Longitudinal wave – a wave that has compressions and rarefactions • Example: a sound wave

  5. Amplitude – height of wave • Wavelength (ג)– distance between two corresponding parts of a wave (crest to crest)

  6. Frequency – is the number of waves made each second. • Frequency is also the number of waves that pass a given point each second. • 1 wave/sec = 1 hertz (Hz) • Speed = wavelength (frequency) Speed Frequency = Wavelength Speed Wavelength = Frequency

  7. Example problem: The speed of a wave on a guitar string is 100 m/s and the frequency is 1,000 Hz. What is the wavelength of the wave?

  8. Interactions of waves • Reflection – waves can bounce off an object (like light off a mirror). • The angle of incidence – the angle between the wave and an imaginary line. The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection. the normal Light Mirror

  9. Refraction – When light moves from one medium into another it changes speed which causes it to bend. • As the wave slows down it is bent towards the normal. • As the wave speeds up it is bent away from the normal. Light ray Air Water

  10. Diffraction – when a wave passes a barrier or moves through a hole in a barrier it bends and spreads out. Waves

  11. Waves can add or cancel

  12. Constructive interference – adding of waves • Destructive interference – canceling of waves • Standing waves- when a reflected wave adds to an incoming wave just right a “stationary” wave is produced. • Nodes – stationary points of standing waves • Antinodes – crests and troughs of a standing wave • most objects have a natural frequency of vibration called Resonance. • Resonance -when the vibration passing through the object matches the object’s natural vibration.

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