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Human Endocrine Physiology. May 8, 2014. Lungs. Actions of AII and Aldosterone. Angiotensin II Stimulates aldosterone secretion Causes vasoconstriction Stimulates thirst Aldosterone. Vasopressin. Stimulation of Vasopressin (ADH) Secretion. Stimulated by: ↓ Blood volume or pressure
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Human Endocrine Physiology May 8, 2014
Actions ofAII and Aldosterone Angiotensin II Stimulates aldosterone secretion Causes vasoconstriction Stimulates thirst Aldosterone
Stimulation ofVasopressin (ADH) Secretion Stimulated by: ↓ Blood volume or pressure ↓ Plasma osmolarity (low serum sodium concentration; detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus)
Actions ofVasopressin/ADH ↑ permeability of the distal collecting duct to water (ADH) ↑Free water absorption ↑Blood volume ↓Serum sodium concentration Vasoconstriction (vasopressin)
ACE Inhibitors for Treatment of Hypertension How do they work? What could be potential side effects?
Erythropoetin Function: Stimulates erythrocyte production ↑ the O2 carrying capacity of the blood Secretion sites Kidney (major) Liver (minor) Secretion ↑’d when O2 delivery to the kidney is ↓’d
Erythropoetin Function: Stimulates erythrocyte production ↑ the O2 carrying capacity of the blood Secretion sites Kidney (major) Liver (minor) Secretion ↑’d when O2 delivery to the kidney is ↓’d
Lipid Metabolism IGF-1
Roles of Lipoproteins • Carry triglycerides and cholesterol to tissues • Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL in order of decreasing content of TG’s • Associated with apoprotein B • Carry cholesterol away from tissues • HDL • Associated with apoprotein A
Functions of Apoproteins • Activate enzymes such lipoprotein lipase (LPL) that process the lipids • Bind to cell receptors to stimulate intake of lipoproteins
Lipases • Pancreatic lipase • Secretion stimulated by CCK • Active in the small intestine in a basic environment provided by bicarb secreted under the influence of secretin • Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) • On the walls of capillaries • Stimulated by insulin • Hormone sensitive lipase • Within adipocytes • Stimulated by epinephrine
Functions of Insulin • Promotes glucose uptakes by cells • Promotes utilization of glucose for energy • Suppresses generation of ketones • Amino acid uptake by cells and protein synthesis • Glycerol and fatty acid uptake by adipose tissue and triglyceride synthesis • Suppresses ketone formation, lipolysis, etc
* *Hormone sensitive lipase: Stimulated by epinephrine and inhibited by insulin.