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ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION. Brief History & Theology; Deities/Basic Mythology. (Marianne). Miah. Marianne. Practices; Temples/Rituals & Festivals/Animal Cults – Sacred Animals/Cats. (Miah). Writings; Mythology, Rituals & Magical Texts, Hymns & Prayers/Funerary Texts. (Steve).

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ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION

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  1. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION Brief History & Theology; Deities/Basic Mythology (Marianne) Miah Marianne Practices; Temples/Rituals & Festivals/Animal Cults – Sacred Animals/Cats (Miah) Writings; Mythology, Rituals & Magical Texts, Hymns & Prayers/Funerary Texts (Steve) Embalming/Mummification and Souls (Laurie) References/Cited Works (All) Steve Laurie

  2. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION (Marianne) Marianne In the Beginning was only Nun – “the Dark Waters of Chaos”….. A hill called “Ben-Ben” rose from the ground of the dark waters of chaos….. On the hill of Ben-Ben, then stood “Atum” the first God. Atum coughed and spit out two more Gods – A boy – Shu; the God of Air and a girl Tefnut; the Goddess of Rain and Moisture. SHU TEFNUT

  3. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION (Marianne) Marianne SHU – God of Air King of the Earth God of the Earth GEB Killed and went to the Underworld OSIRIS Queen of the Earth ISIS Out of Jealousy killed Osiris to become King of Earth NUT Goddess of the Sky SETH Lady of the House Lady of the (temple) Enclosure” Priestess TEFNUT – Goddess of Rain/Moisture NEPHTHYS

  4. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION (Marianne) Marianne Horus, the only son of Osiris and Isis battled Seth and defeated him to become King of the Earth and his father Osiris the King of the Underworld. The mythology of Ancient Egypt centers around nature, the earth, sun, moon, sky, stars and the Nile River. Hieroglyphics HORUS Thoth – The Creator Fix/Magic God Giza Pyramid Sphinx Ra – Sun God

  5. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION (Marianne) Marianne Deir-el-Bahri; The Temple of Hatshepsut Dendera – The Temple of Hathor EDFU – Temple of Horus Temple Complex of Karnak Luxor – The Temple of Amun Abu Simbel Temple

  6. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION MYTHOLOGY (STEVE) • CREATION MYTHS – Gods of creation(Atum or Khepri) form the universe out of primordial chaos (bubbling, churning waters of the sea) • OSIRIS MYTH – most elaborate and influential • myth • END OF THE UNIVERSE – Atum will dissolve the ordered world and return to the waters of chaos

  7. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION AFTERLIFE (STEVE) • RITUALS AND MAGICAL TEXTS • Magic was a divine creation for benefit of humanity • A means of communicating, manipulating and controlling the gods • Most common ritual was performed daily – priest would washed, anointed and elaborately dressed statue of gods • Another ritual - opening of the mouth ceremony

  8. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION AFTERLIFE (STEVE) HYMNS • Written in form of poetry • Praised particular deities • Written on papyri or temple walls • PRAYERS • Address the relevant god in personal way – asking for blessings, help or forgiveness • Usually inscribed on statues of particular god in sacred sites

  9. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION AFTERLIFE (STEVE) FUNERARY TEXTS • PYRAMID TEXT – oldest known religious text, contains spells or “utterances” meant to help pharaohs ascend to heaven • AMDUAT – the book of what is in the underworld. Reserved for pharaohs – the story of sun god Ra • COFFIN TEXT – similar to pyramid text but used by ordinary people • Heart was weighed against the feather of Maat

  10. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION EMBALMING (Laurie) Miah Marianne Presentation The Canopic Jars Soul Steve Laurie

  11. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION MUMMIFICATION (Laurie) Miah Marianne The Physical Body Shadow Name Spirit Personality Immortality Steve Laurie

  12. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION References/Cited Works Marianne’s Cited Works: www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/home.html www.ancient-Egypt.org www.egyptianmyths.net www.Princeton.edu www.sptimes.com/Egypt/egyptcredit.4.3.html Miah Marianne Steve’s Cited Works: Grimal, N. (1994) A History of Ancient Egypt. Malden, MA. Blackwell Publishers Hornung, E. (1999) The Ancient Egyptian Book of The Afterlife. Ithaca, N.Y. Cornell University Press. Laurie’s Cited Works: www.egyptartisite.com Steve Laurie

  13. NOTE: Miah did not complete or turn in her section which was Temples/Rituals and Festivals/animal cults and sacred animals and cats. As discussed, is being omitted in presentation.

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