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Carsharing in North America: Current Developments and Future Potential. Adam Cohen Susan Shaheen, Ph.D. Innovative Mobility Research University of California, Berkeley MUTA International Forum October 4 th , 2007. Overview. About carsharing State-of-the-industry Market structure
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Carsharing in North America: Current Developments and Future Potential Adam Cohen Susan Shaheen, Ph.D. Innovative Mobility Research University of California, Berkeley MUTA International Forum October 4th, 2007
Overview • About carsharing • State-of-the-industry • Market structure • Growth obstacles & opportunities • Policy approaches • Future developments Current Developments & Future Potential
Definition • Carsharing Organizations Maintain a Fleet of Cars and Trucks in a Network of Locations. • Allows Households and Businesses to Access Shared Fleet on As-Needed Basis, Generally for a Fee. => Individuals Gain Benefits of Private Vehicle Use Without Costs and Responsibilities of Ownership. Current Developments & Future Potential
Carsharing Impacts Benefits include transportation, environmental, land-use, and social effects Current Developments & Future Potential
Carsharing Worldwide (2006) • Approximately 600 Cities • 18 Nations on 4 Continents Current Developments & Future Potential
Number of Organizations Current Developments & Future Potential
U.S. Trends *September 2007: Estimated 185,000 Members in U.S. Current Developments & Future Potential
Canadian Trends *September 2007: Estimated 28,000 Members in Canada Current Developments & Future Potential
Growth Dynamics Percent Increase in Members (2003 –2007*) *2007 Estimated Current Developments & Future Potential
Member-Vehicle Ratios (2006) • Worldwide average 20:1 • Higher member-vehicle ratios in the United States, Switzerland, and Germany • 40:1 in the United States • 36:1 in Switzerland • 33:1 in Germany • Reasons: market diversification, business/fleet users, mobility insurance, multiple memberships, and venture capital investment Current Developments & Future Potential
Member-Vehicle Ratios (Cont’d) • U.S. members use vehicles less frequently & as mobility insurance. • Canadian members depend more on carsharing. • Canadian members pay higher member fees/buy-ins & lower rates with little or no free miles. • U.S. members pay fewer/lower membership fees & high rates free miles. Current Developments & Future Potential
Insurance (2005) • In 2005, high insurance rates were a key challenge for most N.A. carsharing organizations. • This had been a substantial obstacle to organizations interested in the college market. Current Developments & Future Potential
Insurance (2007) • Although insurance remains expensive, it is no longer perceived as a substantial barrier. • Although challenges remain, many large organizations now offer service and target college markets. Current Developments & Future Potential
Demographic Markets (2005) U.S. Canada Business 12.3% Business 3.2% Commuter 0.1% Low Income 0.4% Low Income 1.3% College 0.4% College 4.6% Neighborhood 81.7% Neighborhood 96.0% Current Developments & Future Potential
Government Fleets (2005-2006) • Philly CarShare and City CarShare were the first to demonstrate the potential of offsetting government fleets with carsharing vehicles.(Philadelphia, PA and Berkeley, CA) • Portland has a 5-year contact with Flexcar that allows city government employees to use its service, enabling the City of Portland to reduce its fleet and save an estimated 30% vs. its historic motor pool costs. Current Developments & Future Potential
College Market (2007) • Incredible growth of the college market, particularly in the U.S. • In the U.S., six carsharing organizations serve more than 50 colleges and universities. Current Developments & Future Potential
SummaryFuture Developments: Worldwide • Exploratory efforts in 7 countries: China, Ireland, Israel, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, and Zambia • New launch in New Zealand in Auckland (Sept 07) • Expansion into developing nations • Growth of multi-national organizations • Increased competition Current Developments & Future Potential
Summary:Top Trends in North America • Public policy debate, particularly around taxation and parking • Continued Growth • Increased competition • Fleet Reduction Strategy • Continued growth of the college/university market Current Developments & Future Potential
North American Carsharing Organizations Dave Brook, Kevin McLaughlin, Adam Millard-Ball, Kamill Wipyewski Worldwide Experts University of California Transportation Center (UCTC) California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Honda Motor Company Acknowledgements Current Developments & Future Potential
www.innovativemobility.org Current Developments & Future Potential