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Chapter 2: Physical Development

Chapter 2: Physical Development. PED 392 Child Growth and Development. Prenatal Development. Chromosomes Each person has 46, 23 from Mom, 23 from Dad Genotype - The genes inherited from the parents Phenotype – The actual expression of those genes. Common Disorders.

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Chapter 2: Physical Development

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  1. Chapter 2: Physical Development PED 392 Child Growth and Development

  2. Prenatal Development • Chromosomes • Each person has 46, 23 from Mom, 23 from Dad • Genotype - The genes inherited from the parents • Phenotype – The actual expression of those genes

  3. Common Disorders • Cystic Fibrosis – Breathing difficulties • Hemophilia – lack of clotting agent • Huntington's – degenerative CNS • Muscular dystrophy – degenerative muscular disease • Sickle Cell anemia – abnormal red blood cells; infection

  4. Types of prenatal tests • Ultrasound – Sound waves can show pictures • Amniocentesis – sample of amniotic fluid • Alpha Fetoprotien (AFP) testing – sample of mothers blood; detects defects.

  5. Reaction range • Difference between genotypes and Phenotypes • Children with the same genotype can respond with different phenotypes given different environmental factors (being raised differently)

  6. Perceptual Motor Development • Processing of sensory information by the brain • Visual • Born legally blind • 6 muscles in each eye • Auditory • Well developed at birth • Can hear around 6-7 months prenatal – read to them • Taste, Smell, Touch • Born with “sweet tooth” • Respond to smells (good / bad) • Reflexes

  7. Special needs • Blind • Deaf • ADHD (only 7% of students) • Physical • Autism (3-6 out of 1000)

  8. Motor Development • Reflexes • Gross Motor Skills • Fine Motor Skills • Chart on page 92-93 gives sequence of motor skill development

  9. Physical growth • Cephalocaudal – Head down • Proximal-distal – Center outward

  10. Physical development • Physical size • Height • Weight • Nutrition • Sleep • Puberty

  11. Puberty • When a child becomes capable of sexual reproduction. • Physical changes • Breasts / testes grow • Pubic Hair grows • Height spurt • Menarche for women • Growth of penis, facial hair and change of voice • Chart on page 105.

  12. Effects of puberty • Different than peers • Additional attention if early • Made fun of if late • Changes in self esteem • Self confidence issues

  13. Eating Problems • Obesity • On the rise • 1/3 obese • 2/3 overweight • Anorexia – Not eating or excessive exercise • Bulimia – Binge & Purge

  14. Other Problems • Substance abuse • Sexuality and Pregnancy • Depression and Suicide

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