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The Reformation

The Reformation. Identify : What are some Protestant religions in the area? Where did they come from?. Causes. A. Humanist philosophers (Erasmus) question practices of church B. Sale of indulgences – pardons from sins. Indulgence. Sale of indulgences. Martin Luther.

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The Reformation

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  1. The Reformation Identify: What are some Protestant religions in the area? Where did they come from?

  2. Causes A. Humanist philosophers (Erasmus) question practices of church B. Sale of indulgences – pardons from sins Indulgence Sale of indulgences

  3. Martin Luther A. Lived in Germany and was studying to become a monk B. Decided the path to salvation was through inner faith not rituals; Bible is most important C. Spoke out against indulgences

  4. D. 1517 – 95 Theses posted on church door in Wittenberg, Germany, chastising indulgences E. Originally, Luther didn’t want to split with the church but Pope Leo Xexcommunicated him in 1521 and then Luther became more radical F. Diet of Worms (legal branch of H.R.E.) – called on Luther to refute his claims; Luther refused and was banished from the empire 95 Theses Diet of Worms

  5. G. Luther went into hiding and translated Bible into German H. Lutherans believe in only sacraments of baptism and communion Luther’s German Bible Communion Baptism

  6. English Reformation A. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne Boleyn but the pope would not allow the divorce (partly because Catherine’s nephew was H.R.E. Charles V and his troops were stationed outside Rome) B. Henry then broke with Rome and began the Anglican Church C. of A. (dumped) H. VIII (No Son) Chas. V (dangerous) Anne B. (New Queen)

  7. C. Henry VIII marries a total of six times; keeps many Catholic church traditions D. Edward VI [son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour (W3)] – brings protestant reforms to Anglican church: 1. Priest could marry, 2. 2 Sacraments, 3. Mass in English Edward VI Wives of Henry VIII

  8. E. Mary I [daughter of Henry VIII and C. of Aragon (W1)] reinstitutes Catholic practices, persecutes protestants and earns nickname “Bloody Mary” F. Elizabeth I [daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (W2)] reinstitutes protestant reforms Protestant Burnings Elizabeth I Mary I

  9. John Calvin (Swiss) A. Bible more important than rituals B. Predestination C. Life should be very simple, austere with complete dedication to God Calvin

  10. D. Huguenots – French Calvinists who were persecuted by the Catholic kings; St. Bartholomew Day Massacre – 2K-3K protestants killed in Paris attending a wedding E. Edict of Nantes (1598) – King Henry IV, a protestant, gives freedom of religion to all in France Henry IV St. Bart’s Day Massacre

  11. Catholic Counter-Reformation A. Pope Paul III makes Catholicism more spiritual, used Inquisition in Rome B. Council of Trent (1545-1563) – forbade indulgences, tried to end corruption in clergy, reaffirmed Catholic dogma Pope Paul III

  12. C. Pope Paul IV publishes Index of Forbidden Books D. Jesuits – order of priests begun by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534—very disciplined and stressed education Jesuits in India Ignatius Paul IV And the I.F.B. Jesuit Mission

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