Chapter 19 by 7P

1. Chapter 19 by 7P The Second Industrial Revolution

2. Inventors • The second industrial revolution was fueled by inventors like Henry Bessemer who found a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheeply. • This opened the door for others who would forge ahead in areas such as railroads, automotive, and the oil industries. • The second industrial revolution introduced new technology and new sources of power

3. Thomas Edison Connor Shea

4. Info • Born on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio • His lab was in Menlo Park • He had three kids • “To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk” • Thomas Edison • Died October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey

5. Inventions • Telegraph • Phonograph • Electric light bulb • Alkaline storage batteries • Kinetograph (a camera for motion pictures) • Many more

6. What one of his drawings looked liked

7. Alexander Graham Bell

8. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland on March 3rd,1847. He started off as a speech teacher who studied the science of sound.

9. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell solved the many problems of communication by inventing the telephone in March of 1876. Some of the problems include: (1) The telegraph carried only written messages, (2) Was difficult for untrained people to use

10. The First Telephone

11. Afterwards… Telephone companies raced to lay thousands of miles of phone lines. By 1880 there were about 55,000 telephones in the United States, and by 1900, there were almost 1.5 million.

12. Henry Ford

13. Henry Ford was born on July 30th 1863 in Wayne County, Michigan At an early age, Henry Ford was interested in mechanics In 1903, Ford established the Ford Motor Company Ford 1908, Ford introduced the Model T

14. This is what the Model T may of looked like

15. Ford was the first to implement the moving assembly line

16. The assembly line reduced the cost of building the Model T- making cars more affordable

17. The Wright Brothers By: Serena Peter

18. Fun fact: they were 10 years apart Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Birthday :August 19th1871 Birthday: April 16th 1861 Died : May 30th 1912 Died: January 30th 1948

19. Accomplishments • They first started at a bicycle shop fixing bikes. • Then they made the first plane in 1903. Where a person could fly actually fly in it. Quote : “if birds can glide for long periods of time, then …why cant I?”

20. Big Business • Advanced technology and the use of oil and electric power helped American business grow • The shape of the American economy changed • Some companies grew so large that they began to dominate entire industries • These are their stories…

21. Andrew Carnegie

22. Carnegie was born November 25, 1835 in Dumferline, Scotland. He emigrated to the United States with his very poor parents in 1848.

23. He was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He built further wealth as a bond salesman raising money for American enterprise in Europe.

24. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $480 million (the equivalent of approximately $13.6 billion in 2013), creating the U.S. Steel Corporation and making Carnegie the richest man in the world.

25. Carnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale philanthropy (the practice of giving money and time to help make life better for other people), with special emphasis on local libraries, world peace, education and scientific research. His life has often been referred to as a true "rags to riches" story.

26. John D. Rockefeller By: Maria Smits

27. He was born on July 8th, 1839 • He died on May 3rd, 1937 • Was an American business magnate and philanthropist • Was co-founder of the Standard Oil Company

28. In 1852 Rockefeller attended Owego Academy in Owego, New York • He was really good at math • He was on the debate team • When he first started working, he wanted to be a clerk or a bookkeeper • He was very exacting and scrupulously honest. • He was also pleasant, persistent, and patient • Was one of the most wealthy people in the 1800s

29. In 1864 he married Laura Celestia “Cettie” Spelman • 5 children • 4 girls • 1 boy • 3 girls survived till collage

30. JOBS • Founds Standard Oil of Ohio with $1 million in capital • Largest corporation in the country • Owns 22 of the 26 refineries in town • Has 90% of all the refined oil in the country • In the top 20 for the richest man • Expands to over seas • Asia and Europe

31. Leland Stanford

32. He was an important business leader of the late 1800s • Made a fortune selling equipment to miners • Became governor of California in 1861 • Was one of the founders of the state’s Central Pacific railroad and Stanford University • Stanford argued that industry should be owned/managed by workers • He believed this would be the fulfillment of democracy

33. Central Pacific Railroad • Runs through California and Utah

34. Stanford University • Located in Stanford, California • One of the world’s leading research and teaching institutions

35. Social Darwinism By Dana

36. It is… • A view of society based on scientist Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection • It is like the survival of the fittest • The theory that all people, groups, and races should have the same laws, and be treated the same. • Some believe that the government should not interfere with the competition of humans.

37. Origin • In Darwin’s first study on The Origin of Species (1859) it focused on plants and animals. • Later in his next study The Descent of Man(1871) he applied the theory to people. Social Darwinism originated in Britain in the second half of the 19th century.

39. Industrial Workers • The rise of corporations and the establishment of monopolies gave big business a great deal of power • Workers began to organize and take action against bad working conditions and other problems

40. Samuel Gompers “The worst crime against working people is a company which fails to operate at a profit”

41. Life and Death • Born January 27, 1850 • London, England • Died December 13, 1924 • 74 years old • Married Sophia Julian • Day after 17th birthday • Also married Gertrude GleavesNeuscheler

42. Working Gompers • Removed from school and sent to be a cigar maker • At age 10 • Learned law during night school • Moved to US • Dad worked as cigar maker • 1873 he moved to David Hirsh & Company

43. Union Work • Elected President for Cigarmakers’ International Unionin 1875 • Wanted pay out-of-work benefits, sick benefits, and death benefits • For good employees • Founded the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions • Reorganized into the American Federation of Law

44. Run with the Law • Nearly jailed in 1911 • Publishing a boycott list • Supreme Court ruled in favor of him in Gompers v. Buck’s Stove and Range Company

45. Death • Gompers health decreased when he had a serious bout of influenza • Later he suffered from bronchitis • Collapsed in Mexico City • Sped towards the border on a special train wanting to die on American soil • Buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York • Buried a few yards away from Andrew Carnegie

46. Mary Harris Jones BY Tawny Blaylock

47. About Mary NAME: Mother Jones OCCUPATION: Activist, Folk Hero BIRTH DATE: 1830 in County Cork, Ireland DEATH DATE: November 30, 1930 PLACE OF BIRTH: County Cork, Ireland ORIGINAL NAME: Mary Harris Jones

48. MARY’S LIFE • She lost her family to a yellow fever outbreak and her home in the great Chicago fire. Jones died November 30, in 1930 .

49. WHY SHE’S IMPORTANT • Mary Harris Jones ("Mother Jones“ her changed name) was best known for being an union activist. She founded the Social Democratic Party, and helped establish the Industrial Workers of the World.