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14.3 Reproduction of Flowering Plants

14.3 Reproduction of Flowering Plants. Flower Structure. Flowers have four sets of specialized structures growing from a short stem. At the flower's base are the sepals (SEE puhls). Sepals are often green. They enclose and protect the flower as it develops.

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14.3 Reproduction of Flowering Plants

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  1. 14.3 Reproduction ofFlowering Plants Flower Structure

  2. Flowers have four sets of specialized structures growing from a short stem.

  3. At the flower's base are the sepals (SEE puhls). • Sepals are often green. • They enclose and protect the flower as it develops.

  4. Just above the sepals are petals. Petals are often brightly colored.

  5. The stamen (STAY muhn) is the male reproductive part of a flower. • It has two parts, a long filament and a saclike anther (AN thur). • The anther produces the pollen grains.

  6. The pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower. • Forming the base of the pistil is a swollen ovary. • From the ovary a slender stalk, called the style, arises and supports the stigma. • The stigma is the part of the pistil that collects pollen. • Its sticky or feathery quality enables it to capture pollen.

  7. From Flower to Fruit • Flowering plants, like all plants, alternate between a gametophyte and a sporophyte generation. • You usually see the sporophyte.

  8. The tiny male and female gametophytes are produced inside the flower. • The male gametophyte is the pollen grain.

  9. The female gametophyte grows inside the ovary and produces the egg cells.

  10. A flower produces fruits and seeds only after pollination. • Pollination is the transfer of the pollen from the anther to the stigma.

  11. Following pollination, a pollen tube begins to grow toward the egg cells in the ovary. • Sperm cells travel down the pollen tube, and fertilization occurs.

  12. Fertilized eggs grow into plant embryos. • Structures develop around each plant embryo, forming seeds.

  13. As the seeds form inside the ovary, the ovary wall enlarges to become a fruit. • All fruits develop from flowers and contain seeds.

  14. Not all fruits are juicy and edible. • Some fruits are winged seed covers, or dry pods.

  15. The dry, podlike fruit of the cacao tree contains cocoa beans. • Cocoa beans are the source of chocolate.

  16. Fruits also protect and help disperse seeds. • Like cherries and apples, squashes and tomatoes are fruits.

  17. End

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