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14.3 Reproduction of Flowering Plants

14.3 Reproduction of Flowering Plants. New Plants from Seeds. Just as flowers and fruits differ in shape, color, and size, so do seeds. All seeds have a seed coat, a plant embryo, and stored energy for the young plant. The stored energy is in the form of proteins, starches, and oils.

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14.3 Reproduction of Flowering Plants

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  1. 14.3 Reproduction ofFlowering Plants New Plants from Seeds

  2. Just as flowers and fruits differ in shape, color, and size, so do seeds.

  3. All seeds have a seed coat, a plant embryo, and stored energy for the young plant. • The stored energy is in the form of proteins, starches, and oils.

  4. When a seed forms, the plant embryo usually stops growing, becoming dormant. • A dormant seed can withstand freezing temperatures, or drought. • Some seeds remain dormant for a few days, some for a few months, and others for many years.

  5. If a seed lands in a suitable environment, it sprouts, or germinates. • Seeds need water, oxygen, and a suitable temperature to germinate.

  6. Germination begins when water enters the seed coat and the seed swells. • The embryo grows, using the proteins, starches, and oils stored in the cotyledons.

  7. The root tip emerges first and anchors the seed to the ground. • Root hairs begin to absorb water. • Then the shoot, with its tiny leaves, sprouts from the soil.

  8. The tiny leaves turn green and begin to manufacture sugars. • The stored energy in the cotyledons is used, and they may shrivel and fall off .

  9. Reproduction Without Seeds • Skilled gardeners do not need seeds to grow many similar plants in a short time.

  10. They cut pieces of stems or leaves from plants and place them in a moist environment. • Within a few weeks, roots develop, and the cuttings grow into mature plants. • This is called vegetative propagation (prahp uh GAY shuhn).

  11. New plants produced this way are genetically identical to the parent plant. • Vegetative propagation is possible with a root, a stem, or a leaf of the parent plant.

  12. Some plants reproduce this way naturally. • For example, strawberry plants produce runners. • At the end of a runner, a new plant develops.

  13. Some grasses do this also. • A small patch of grass spreads in this way until it covers hundreds of square meters.

  14. The spider plant, a common houseplant with straplike leaves, produces many small spiderlike plants with their own roots.

  15. End

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