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Aeronautical Operational Communication Single Focus Workshop 25 March 2010

Aeronautical Operational Communication Single Focus Workshop 25 March 2010. Peter Lemme. What is it? How has it evolved? What are its key characteristics? How is it regulated? How does a new radio system get approved for it? Where is it headed (my guess)?.

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Aeronautical Operational Communication Single Focus Workshop 25 March 2010

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  1. AeronauticalOperational CommunicationSingle Focus Workshop25 March 2010 Peter Lemme

  2. What is it? How has it evolved? What are its key characteristics? How is it regulated? How does a new radio system get approved for it? Where is it headed (my guess)? Agenda – wrt “aero operational comms”

  3. The information presented is believed to be up-to-date and accurate as it applies to air transport I make mistakes The purpose is educational, and should not be the relied on for any other purpose This is not a formal consultation The presenter is not a current and active participant in many of the regulatory processes described Changes and mis-understanding are possible The presenter has relied on publicly available data May be ignorant of key system attributes DISCLAIMER

  4. safety and regularity aeronautical mobile route (R) services aeronautical mobile satellite route (R) services other purposes aeronautical mobile off-route (OR) services aeronautical mobile satellite off-route (OR) services

  5. Air Traffic Services Governing traffic management Aeronautical Operational Control Established between airplane and its operator Information regarding status of flight Promoting efficient and timely service Aeronautical Mobile Satellite (Route) Service - AMS(R)SAeronautical Mobile (Route) Service – AM(R)S

  6. AM(R)S ONLY 2.850 – 22.000 MHz 117.975 – 137.000 MHz Note 132-137 MHz may be shared with AM(OR)S AMS(R)S ONLY 1544-1545, 1645.5-1646.5 MHz AMS(R)S (SHARED, PRIORITY) 1545-1555, 1646.5-1656.5 MHz 1555-1559, 1656.5-1660.5 MHz (US ONLY) Aeronautical Communication Safety Spectrum

  7. Route Service Communications are categorized Urgent / Distress Flight Safety Meteorological Flight Regularity Higher priority communication must get preferred treatment over lower communication Concerns over congestion More demanding performance assurance Priority

  8. Generally Voice ONLY No time to “retry” Imminent collision – airspace violation Airplane emergency Urgent / Distress - ATS

  9. ATS Clearance Taxi Departure ATC Downstream Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Significant weather Traffic information Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) Flight Safety • AOC • Flight plan uplink • Load sheet • Electronic Library • Notice to airmen

  10. Weather reports Textual METAR TAF Graphical Advisory Strategic Supplementary to onboard weather radar Meteorological - AOC

  11. ATS Flight update Sequence / slots Flow management De-icing Flight Regularity • AOC • Flight status • Maintenance • Out-Off-On-In • log book • Cabin, Technical, Flight • Fuel • Gate and connecting flight status • Engine reports

  12. ATS HF voice VHF voice ARINC 623 ACARS Inmarsat Voice VHF/Inmarsat FANS 1/A ATN Iridium FANS 1/A Iridium Voice (?) How has it evolved? AOC HF voice VHF voice VHF ACARS Inmarsat ACARS Inmarsat Voice HF ACARS Iridium Voice Iridium ACARS

  13. Character-based messaging protocol established in 1978 aircraft movement messages (OOOI) Hundreds of message formats and applications Legacy VHF 25 kHz channel 2.4 kbps simplex ACARS over AVLC (AOA) 25 kHz channel 31.5 kbps simplex Aircraft Communication, Addressing and Reporting SystemACARS - VHF

  14. Inmarsat Classic (P, R, T): 0.3 – 10.5 kbps duplex DO-215A, DO-210D, DO-270, ICAO SARPS HF Data 3 kHz channel 0.3 – 1.8 kbps simplex DO-265, DO-277 Aircraft Communication, Addressing and Reporting SystemACARS (other than VHF)

  15. Iridium SBD up to 15 kbits per message DO-262 Iridium RUDICS 2.4 kbps duplex circuit Inmarsat SBB Up to 432 kbps Aircraft Communication, Addressing and Reporting SystemACARS - Emerging

  16. ARINC 623 ACARS Messages Departure Clearance ED-85A ATIS ED-89A Oceanic Clearance ED-106A, Shanwick, Gandor Terminal Weather Information for Pilots Character-Oriented ATS Applicaions

  17. Started in 1983, first certificated in June 1995 ACARS application Encapsulated bit oriented message Embedded with 32-bit CRC Airways Facilities Notification (AFN) ARINC 622, DO-258A, ED-100A DO-306, ED-122 Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC) DO-219 Automatic Dependant Surveillance (ADS) DO-212 Future Air Navigation SystemFANS 1/A

  18. Initiative begun in 1980’s OSI 7 layer architecture Connectionless network protocol Inter-domain routing protocol Mobility routing Accounting Security ARINC 623 and FANS 1/A ACARS ATS applications slowed deployment FANS 1/A – ATN Interoperability Standard DO-305, ED-154 2001 operational ATN Build 1 DO-280B / ED-110B, DO-290 / ED0129 VDL-Mode 2 DO-281, ED-92A Inmarsat, HF, Mode S Aeronautical Telecommunications NetworkATN

  19. ICAO Doc 9705 defines ATN as applications and internetwork CPDLC protected mode (PM) ADS FIS Context Management (CM) ICAO Doc 9880 revised standard ATN Applications

  20. ICAO Doc 9896 specifies ATN operation over the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Mobile IP (MIP) IPsec and IKEv2 security ATN over IP

  21. Automatic Dependant Surveillance Mode S Extended Squitter (ES) DO-260A Flight Information Service (FIS) VDL Mode 2 DO-267A Traffic Information Service (TIS) Advisory ONLY Mode S ES DO-286A, DO-260A Broadcast Data Link

  22. Pilot to Controller direct voice capability HF Voice usually has intermediate radio operator Integrated audio controls Simultaneous, multi-crew support Audio panel Headphone, speaker, microphone, oxygen mask Cockpit voice recorder Integrated control and display MCDU EICAS comm messages ICAO 24 bit telephone number ATC short codes DO-231 AMS(R)S VOICE

  23. Created in 1932 International Telegraph Union International Radio Telegraph Union August 1947, the United Nations recognized the ITU specialized agency in the field of telecommunications other specialized agencies, such as ICAO, would not be barred from any kind of work touching upon aeronautical telecommunications including standardization activities. International Telecommunication Union - ITU

  24. Agreements made are accorded treaty status full mandatory force without any possibility for variation Scope Substance except by agreement at a further conference. Treaty requirements are exercised through the Radio Regulations For the regulation of the radio frequency spectrum, World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) held every two to three years. 1995 – 1997 – 2000 – 2003 - 2007 WRC-12 23 Jan – 17 Feb 2012 Geneva, Switzerland International Telecommunication Union - ITU

  25. All aspects of telecommunications Line Radio transmission 9 kHz to 275 GHz allocated to user services in response to their recognized demands Standards Systems Technical parameters Procedures International Telecommunication Union - ITU

  26. United Nations specialized agency with recognized competence in matters related to aviation safety Under Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, ICAO is empowered to adopt and amend international SARPs in all aviation matters including aeronautical communications systems and air navigation aids. the highest practicable degree of uniformity is seen as essential to facilitate and improve the safety of air navigation. System characteristics are laid down in Annex 10 to the ICAO Convention Interoperability of systems on a global basis demands that frequency allocations be available worldwide and, preferably, also exclusive. International Civil Aviation OrganizationICAO

  27. ITU is the recognized international body for the regulation and use of the radio frequency spectrum for aviation ITU Radio Regulations ITU-R Recommendations ICAO coordinates the aeronautical input to ITU discussions on radio frequency spectrum matters. ICAO participates at meetings of the ITU-R study groups common system technical standards maximum levels of tolerable interference measures to control and resolve interference incidents frequency planning criteria the preparation of frequency plans distress and safety procedures. ICAO is accorded observer status at relevant ITU WRCs National regulation by national telecommunication authorities. ICAO input to ITU

  28. Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Aeronautical Telecommunications Volume II – Communication Procedures Volume III – part 1 Digital Data Communication Systems Volume III – part 2 Voice Communication Systems Volume V - Aeronautical Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization SARPS Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) Guidance material on aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance systems ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)

  29. Means of compliance may not require precedence or pre-emption Required Communication Performance (RCP) Simultaneous use of a radio for AMS(R)S and non-safety application (administrative or public communication) is permitted as long as performance is compliant and can be assured Regulate the performance, not the design Performance Assurance

  30. Priority categorization allows consistency in performance assurance and thus predictable safety margin As applied to tandem communications networks Suitability is based on the message Some messages have RCP beyond what a given radio service can provide RCP

  31. RCP 400 AMS(R)S Voice

  32. Preferred voice and packet data Preferred multi-channel ITU frequency allocated for AMS(R)S Electro-Magnetic Compatible with other airplane equipment to support safety and regularity AMS(R)S Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)

  33. Communication transmitted in priority order No delay from lower priority communication Voice is higher priority than data Loss of comm announced within 30 seconds of detection Aircraft maneuvering +20 to -5 deg pitch 25 deg roll AMS(R)S Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)(continued)

  34. Means to prevent message tampering Protection against denial-of-service Protection against degraded performance or reduced capacity due to external attack Means to prevent unauthorized access Spoofing, phantom controller ICAO 24 bit aircraft address AMS(R)S Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)(continued)

  35. Constituent mobile sub-network of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) May also support non-ATN data functions Connection establishment less than 70 seconds AMS(R)S Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)Packet Data Service Performance

  36. Air to ground transit delay limit (128 octets) 23 seconds for flight safety 28 seconds for meteorological or flight regularity Ground to air transit delay limit (128 octets) 12 seconds for flight safety 28 seconds for meteorological or flight regularity Air to ground data transfer (128 octets, 95th percentile) 40 seconds for flight safety 60 seconds for meteorological or flight regularity Ground to air data transfer (128 octets, 95th percentile) 15 seconds for flight safety 30 seconds for meteorological or flight regularity AMS(R)S Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)Packet Data Service Performance

  37. Air to ground call initiation (95th percentile) 20 seconds to terrestrial network interface Ground to air call initiation (95th percentile) 20 seconds from terrestrial network interface 485 msec max latency Less than 1% of call blockage Assuming all lower priority calls dropped Erlang analysis (network sizing) AMS(R)S Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)Voice Performance

  38. Provide service on non-discriminatory basis Commit to six years from initial operational capability for AMS(R)S Three years notice to cease service Existing levels of service maintained while new services can be added Service provider, satellite operator, and avionics supplier active participant in ICAO and RTCA/EUROCAE standards development Disclosure of system implementation including failure modes and effects Declared, near-global coverage ICAO NGSS Acceptability Criteria (1999)(beyond SARPS)

  39. Not-for-profit corporation FAA federal advisory committee Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) Guidance Documents RTCA, Inc.

  40. Recognized by: European Commission Prepare European “norms” European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Technical documents regarding aviation safety ETSO FAA Collaborator with RTCA, SAE, ARINC in developing aviation standards ICAO Participant in study and standardization groups EUROCAE

  41. RTCA SC-206 / EUROCAE WG-76 DO-308 Performance based communication requirement - RCP Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) AIS Nav data Charts Instrument procedure Terrain and obstacle data MET Immediate, near-term, planning decision making Flight safety and advisory data Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)Meteorological (MET)

  42. RTCA SC-214 / EUROCAE WG 78 NextGen (US) Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) CPDLC ADS-C Safety and Performance Standard for Advanced ATS Data Communication DO-290 Interoperability Standard for Data Communication Via ATN Via ARINC 623 Via a mix of ATN and FANS 1/A Via IP Standards for Air Traffic Data Communication Services

  43. RTCA SC-222 As applicable to DO-210D, DO-262A, DO-270A Harmonize with update ICAO AMS(R)S SARPS adopted Feb 2007 Harmonize with the FCC sanctioned agreement between Inmarsat and MSV Add provision for AMS(R)S using Swift Broadband Inmarsat AMS(R)S

  44. RTCA SC-215 (dormant) MOPS for Avionics that support Next-Generation Satellite Systems (NGSS) DO-262A and Iridium normative appendix MASPS for the AMS(R)S as Used in Aeronautical Data Links DO-270 Iridium System Specific Attachment AMS(R)S Next Generation Satellite Services and Equipment

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