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Identification of possible biological stains for differential staining of Normal and Malignant tumour tissue

Identification of possible biological stains for differential staining of Normal and Malignant tumour tissue. Nor Hayati Othman, Pathology dept, PPSP hayati@kb.usm.my. Potential partner[s]. Chemists Biologists Material engineers. Objectives.

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Identification of possible biological stains for differential staining of Normal and Malignant tumour tissue

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  1. Identification of possible biological stains for differential staining of Normal and Malignant tumour tissue Nor Hayati Othman, Pathology dept, PPSP hayati@kb.usm.my

  2. Potential partner[s] • Chemists • Biologists • Material engineers

  3. Objectives • To search for suitable natural stains derived from national plants of Malaysia • To determine the differential staining of the new stain on human normal and malignant tumour tissue

  4. Normal Vs cancer cell Normal cell n:c 1:4-8 smooth nuclear membrane no nucleus Malignant cell n:c more hyperchromatic [more basic] nuclear membrane coarse chromatic coarse, stippled mitosis pleomorphic Cytoplasm - ± opaque

  5. Normal colon Malignant colon Normal prostate Malignant prostate Normal cevix Malignant cervix

  6. Normal lung Malignant lung Normal breast Malignant breast Normal thyroid Malignant thyroid

  7. Those are easy cases!! • Subtle changes in cell require further tests • Immunohistochemsitry • We stain the proteins found in cells eg muco-proteins, keratins, vimentins, osteobilins, neurofilaments etc • Every protein has different characteristics and could be stained

  8. The stain should be • Permanent • Able to differentiate acidic nucleus from basic cytoplasm • Able to pick up loss of desmosomes when normal epithelial cell become malignant • Able to detect changes in nucleus when cells become malignant

  9. How to verify the stains? • 100 Normal and 100 Epithelial Malignant human tissues obtained from the archives of Pathology laboratory. • The ability to differentiate will be scored and statistically analysed

  10. This is possible innovation …but probably time consuming. • Require several trials and errors • Perseverance will be rewarded!

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