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The Persian Gulf and Interior

CHAPTER 19. The Persian Gulf and Interior. Section 1: Natural Environments. Middle East Physical Map. Section 1 Natural Environments. Landforms and rivers:. Saudi Arabia—mountains in the west and dry plains stretching to the Persian Gulf

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The Persian Gulf and Interior

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  1. CHAPTER 19 The Persian Gulf and Interior Section 1:Natural Environments

  2. Middle East Physical Map

  3. Section 1 Natural Environments Landforms and rivers: • Saudi Arabia—mountains in the west and dry plains stretching to the Persian Gulf • Iraq—wide plain of Mesopotamia, with two great rivers, Tigris and Euphrates • Iran—Zagros, Elburz, and Kopet-Dag Mountains, along with high plateaus • Afghanistan—Hindu Kush

  4. Section 1 Natural Environments Effects of physical geography on climates and biomes: • Mountains provide water to valleys below by blocking moist winds and causing rain. • Saudi Arabian lowlands are hot but humid, due to nearby sea. • Higher elevations have cooler temperatures. • Trees are common only in mountains.

  5. Section 1 Natural Environments Key natural resources in the region are oil and water. • Water, a scarce resource: • Tigris and Euphrates are critical to Iraq. • Farmers in northern Iran depend on rain; others rely on irrigation. • Desert areas may have oases and wells. • Desalinization of seawater is possible for wealthy countries.

  6. Section 1 Natural Environments Key natural resources in the region are oil and water. (continued) • Oil, plentiful and valuable: • Persian Gulf reserves are the world’s largest. • Iraq, Oman, and Yemen also have deposits. • Only Iran has substantial metallic ores.

  7. CHAPTER 20 The Eastern Mediterranean Section 1: Natural Environments

  8. Section 1 Natural Environments Landforms and rivers: • Turkey—plains and hills; two mountain ranges; Anatolian Plateau • coastal plain in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel • rift valley, edged with hills • Jordan River, flows into Dead Sea • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

  9. Section 1 Natural Environments Climates, biomes, and natural resources: • arid, semi-arid, and Mediterranean climates • distance from sea, elevation, rain shadows—factors in temperature and rainfall • evergreen forests once common, now mainly gone • Syrian Desert—scarce plant and animal life • valuable minerals and energy—coal, copper, iron ore, potash, magnesium

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