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TANG DYNASTY

TANG DYNASTY. 618-907 AD GREATEST DYNASTY IN CHINESE HISTORY FOUNDED BY TAIZONG INCLUDED NUMBER OF GOOD EMPERORS COLLAPSED IN 907 CIVIL WAR. TAIZONG. Brilliant general and government reformer Divided government functions into six ministries

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TANG DYNASTY

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  1. TANG DYNASTY • 618-907 AD • GREATEST DYNASTY IN CHINESE HISTORY • FOUNDED BY TAIZONG • INCLUDED NUMBER OF GOOD EMPERORS • COLLAPSED IN 907 • CIVIL WAR

  2. TAIZONG • Brilliant general and government reformer • Divided government functions into six ministries • State revenue, public works, defense, justice, personnel, and religious affairs • Expanded civil service examination system • Founded university • Implemented new law code • Restructured legal system • Conquered Tibet • Built Changan

  3. TANG CHINA

  4. CHANGAN • Planned City • 30 miles square • Population of one million people • Crowded with temples and markets • Governmental complex covered several square miles • Neighborhoods walled off from each other

  5. TANG BUREAUCRACY Efficient and honest Board of censors Educational system POWERS OF GOVERNMENT National urban curfew Collective guarantee groups in countryside Emphasis on responsibility, not freedom TANG GOVERNMENT

  6. SONG DYNASTY • Would rule China from 960 to 1279 • Did not accomplish anything noteworthy in the areas of politics and military affairs • Culture and science flourished brilliantly

  7. SCIENCE IN THE SONG DYNASTY • Invented compass, printing press, and gunpowder • Doctors took pulse to aid in diagnosis • Doctors inoculated patients against smallpox • Acupuncture: long, thin needles used to anesthetize patients during surgery

  8. PROBLEMS DURING THE SONG DYNASTY • Overpopulation (population exceeded 100 million) • High taxes • Over-working agricultural land • Impoverishment of peasants • Inflation (government deficit spent with abandon) • Spread of concubinage • Footbinding

  9. GENGHIZ KHAN • Means “Lord of All Men” • Born Temujin • Cast out of tribe after father’s murder • Killed his father’s murderers and took control of tribe • Forged Mongols into a united nation and led them in the military conquest of most of Asia

  10. MONGOL EMPIRE

  11. MONGOL WARRIORS

  12. MONGOL CONQUESTS • First attacked China and drove the Songs into the south • Then headed west and conquered everything up to Persia • Sent raiding parties into Russia and Middle East in preparation for further conquests • Died suddenly in 1227 • Mongols returned to Gobi desert to select new leader • Continued conquests • Overran southern Russia, took over Baghdad, and even invaded Hungary and Poland • Finally returned to southern China and took over entire country • Organized conquests into an empire • Divided into units known as “khanates”

  13. KHANATE OF THE GREAT KHAN • Encompassed China, Korea, and Mongolia • First ruler was Kublai Khan • Much knowledge of China under Kublai Khan comes from Marco Polo • Used Chinese middle level bureaucrats but filled top jobs with Mongols or foreigners

  14. COLLAPSE OF THE MONGOLS • Mongol rule was never popular in China • Mongols refused to assimilate • Only shrewd leadership and brute force could keep them in power • Fought losing battle to stay in control of China during the first half of 14th century • Also began fighting among themselves • Chinese rebel leader defeated and expelled Mongols from China • 1368 • Mongols return to the Gobi Desert • Native Chinese dynasty reinstalled • Ming Dynasty

  15. JAPAN Japan copied Chinese cultural and political models for a long time

  16. EVOLUTION OF JAPAN • Developed distinctive culture after 900 • Court aristocracyat Kyoto cultivated a delicate and sensitive lifestyle emphasizing refined poetry, art and graceful manners

  17. SAMURAI • Rural warriors developbushido) • Emphasized military virtues (courage, pride, loyalty) • Special emphasis on honor

  18. SEPPUKU • Preferred death to dishonor

  19. SHOGUN • Embodiment of bushido values • Originally military commander appointed by emperor • Becomes real power behind the throne as emperors weaken • Civil wars between samurai chieftains for position (1200-1600) • Establishment of Tokugawa Shogunate by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603.

  20. TOKUGAWA JAPAN • Tokugawa family dominates position of shogun from 1603 to 1868 • Good rulers • Increasingly conservative • Cut Japan off from rest of world • Blending of aristocratic and bushido traditions to create unique Japanese temperament

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