Strategies for Successful Informative and Persuasive Speaking. Chapter No. 15 By: Saif Bukhari

2. Strategies for Successful Informative and Persuasive Speaking. Chapter No. 15 By: Saif Bukhari

3. Strategies for Successful Informative and Persuasive Speaking.

4. Strategies for Successful Informative and Persuasive Speaking • Audience Analysis for Informative and Persuasive Speaking A. Degrees of Interest and Attitudes B. Occasion C. Location • Organization for Informative and Persuasive Speaking A. The Introduction B. The Body (Text. Discussion) C. The Summary or Conclusion • Supports for Informative and Persuasive Speaking A. Six Forms of Support (Evidence. Data) B. Questions on Forms of Support

7. Speaking • The action of conveying information or expressing one’s feelings in speech: clear thinking aids clear speaking • The activity of delivering speeches: • Public speaking • Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, *deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. *Purposeful

8. Communication Communication Communication is the transmission of messages from a Sender (a person or group) to a Receiver(another person or group). In a perfect world, the receiver would understand. The message without difficulty. But too often, that doesn’t happen. A lack of clarity, poor Choice of words, distractions, and a host of other obstacles can interfere with the message.

9. Strategies Strategies A careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually over a long period of time. Strategies ▪ The skill of making or carrying out plans to achieve a goal.▪ A specialist in campaign/military strategy

10. Strategies Strategies Examples of STRATEGY They are proposing a new strategy for treating the disease with a combination of medications. The government is developing innovative strategies to help people without insurance get medical care.

11. Informative Speaking • Informative speaking is a speech that primarily aims at conveying some specific information to a person or a group of persons. • However, it being an oral activity, it is similar to an oral presentation in its mode and purpose.

12. PURPOSE OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING • General purposes of oral communications vary with the situations, kinds of talks and the audience. • Purpose of informative speaking maybe: • To convey information to an audience • To discuss and analyze a problem • To persuade and prepare an audience for a specific purpose • To entertain an audience

13. PURPOSE OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING • Main objective of informative speaking is of course to present ideas clearly and promote understanding for listeners, either inside or outside the organization, as the situation maybe. • This objective cannot be realized without deciding upon the specific purpose of the speech. • Purpose of a speech is two fold, i.e. • To give information to the audience • To persuade the audience to some desired action

14. PURPOSE OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING • If the general purpose of informative speaking is simply to give information to an audience, then the specific purpose is certainly the precise, exact result the speaker hopes to achieve with his listeners. With this specific purpose in mind, the speaker should consider about the subject of his speech. • The subject may be: • A Process • A Policy

15. PURPOSE OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING • Whether it is the Process as purpose or Policy as purpose, the speaker is required to take into account the essential steps meant for successful speaking, and follow them in a systematic order to achieve the desired result with his listeners • In both cases the speaker may use visual aids to ensure that the speech serves its specific purpose of communicating information effectively. • The essential steps that the speaker should consider for effective informative speaking are about the same that are required to make effective oral presentations

16. PURPOSE OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING • The steps include: • Determining the purpose of speech • Analyzing the audience and the situation • Choosing main ideas of the speech • Researching the topic • Organizing the data and making an outline • Doing a rehearsal of the speech

17. KINDS OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING AND ORAL PRESENTATIONS • Kinds of informative speaking and oral presentations vary depending on the nature of the subjects under discussion. However, we may broadly classify them as: • 1. Short Talks • 2. Long Speeches

18. SHORT TALKS • SHORT TALKS • Short talks range from 1 to 10 minutes in length. They may be made to serve any required purpose. The purpose may be to exchange a brief information, • To welcomevisitors and agents, • To say a few words at some function, or • To present brief progress reports, etc.

19. LONG SPEECHES • Compared with short talks, long speeches are rather formal in their mode, and so they may be called formal presentations. • Long speeches usually range from 10 minutes to 1 hour. • Like short talks, subjects of long speeches also vary. They may comprise informative reports on different subjects or such speeches and presentations as maybe made on different occasions to enhance the image and working of the business house.

20. LONG SPEECHES • Taking into view the nature of the speeches made on important events, Long speeches may further be classified as: • 1. General Reports • 2. Community Goodwill Speeches • 3. Briefings • 4. Instructions

21. ORGANIZATION AND OUTLINE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH • ORGANIZATION OF SPEECH • Making speeches is as important as writing of messages. Sometimes business people must make formal presentations. Sometimes they have to talk to their colleagues and professionals. Sometimes they have to conduct and participate in committee meetings, conferences and group discussions.

22. ORGANIZATION AND OUTLINE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH • ORGANIZATION OF SPEECH • Making a formal speech is a difficult task for most people. Generally people feel somewhat uncomfortable while speaking before others. It is, therefore, important for business people that they learn speaking techniques

23. ORGANIZATION AND OUTLINE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH • ORGANIZATION OF SPEECH It is desirable that the person who is to deliver a formal speech takes the following steps in advance, i.e. he: • Determines the purpose of speech • Analyzes the audience and the situation • Chooses main ideas of the speech • Researches the topic • Organizes the data and makes an outline • Makes arrangements for audio-visual aids, if required. • Does a rehearsal of the speech

24. ORGANIZATION OF SPEECH IN PARTS • Once the speaker has done his preparatory work and has gathered all the information that he needs, he should begin organizing the speech. • A good formal speech is organized in the following three parts: • Introduction • The Body (Text) • The Close (Conclusion)

25. OUTLINE OF SPEECH • Outline of a speech means its sketch or synopsis. It is an essential requirement for a speaker, particularly in long informative speaking. • A good outline should include the following: • 1. Title • 2. Purpose • 3. Introduction • 4. Text • 5. Summary Finally, it is advisable that the speaker should draw the outline of the main sections.

26. Persuasive Speaking • A persuasive speech is one that establishes a fact, changes a belief, or moves an audience to act on a policy. • A persuasive speech that establishes a fact proves that something is true or false. 

27. I. Purposes of Information and Persuasive Speaking • A. Informative Specific Purposes • B. Persuasive Speaking

29. Purposes of Informative Speaking • Making an idea clear is central to the purpose of informative speaking • Suggestions: • The purpose should be specific • To compare information, using the criterion of modern technology, as to which country should host the year 2012 Olympic Games • The title of your speech and purpose should be linked • The purpose could be process, policy, any incident, etc

30. Purposes of Persuasive Speaking • Gaining willingness / acceptance of your central idea is the core purpose of persuasive speaking • Suggestions: • The purpose should be specific • To suggest that Taiwan’s capital investments in China were greater than in other sections of the world • You should be thoughtful and have given ample time in preparing your speech • Plan in advance your desired response • your speech should lead towards the desired response • The purpose could be process, policy, any incident, etc

31. Kinds of Informative Speaking

32. Kinds of Persuasive Speaking

33. AUDIENCE ANALYSIS • For a non-familiar audience find out the following • Their interests, disinterests and attitudes • The occasion • The location of your speech

34. 1. Degrees of Interest & Attitudes

35. 1. Degrees of Interest & Attitudes

36. Suggestions for approaching a Hostile Group

37. 2. Occasion

38. 3. Location • Find out in advance; what is the physical environment of your presentation as it may be any of the following and all have their own psychological influences • An open environment • Large auditorium • Conference room (small or big) • Any lounge etc • Find out whether you have a podium or a table • Check whether you have all your requirements fulfilled; charts, markers, multimedia, projector etc

39. ORGANIZATION OF YOUR SPEECH

40. ORGANIZATION OF YOUR SPEECH

41. SUPPORTS FOR INFORMATIVE AND PERSUASIVE SPEAKING

42. Forms of Support (Evidence, Data)

44. Thanks