1 / 18

MSFC’s Heritage in Segmented Mirror Control Technology

MSFC’s Heritage in Segmented Mirror Control Technology. John Rakoczy Advanced Optical Systems Development Group NASA Marshall Space Flight Center john.rakoczy@msfc.nasa.gov. MSFC’s Segmented Mirror Control Technology Heritage. SELENE (1991-94) PAMELA (1993-Present) SIBOA (1998-Present)

caitlyn
Download Presentation

MSFC’s Heritage in Segmented Mirror Control Technology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. MSFC’s Heritage in Segmented Mirror Control Technology John Rakoczy Advanced Optical Systems Development Group NASA Marshall Space Flight Center john.rakoczy@msfc.nasa.gov

  2. MSFC’s Segmented Mirror Control Technology Heritage • SELENE (1991-94) • PAMELA (1993-Present) • SIBOA (1998-Present) • HET SAMS (1999-Present) • NGST (1996-Present)

  3. MSFC Program Relevance to GSMT:SpacE Laser ENErgy (SELENE) • Background • $5M advanced concept defintion and technology development • funded by NASA Headquarters 1991-94 • transmit electrical power from the ground to satellites and spacecraft via high energy laser illumination of photovoltaic array • Relevant Products • Post-Keck, 12 meter-class ground imaging telescope design • Broad exposure to state-of-the-art • 1000 meters of highest tow, pultruded graphite composite tubes • 12 meter primary mirror truss engineering drawings - checked. • Prototype tetrahedron including nodes & tube-end fittings • Experimentally verified finite element models

  4. SELENE Trade Studies Relevant to GSMT • Control algorithms for huge numbers of segments • Optimum segment size and keystone families • Optimum actuator stroke and resolution at segment vs. cluster level • Telescope performance for parabolic vs spherical primary • Adaptive optics reqmts vs, altitude, geography, and high zenith angle • Cost vs. performance of low(angle iron), moderate(stainless steel), and high (composite) tech primary mirror truss materials. • Sources and size of error off homology in truss assemblages vs. tip angle • Fixtures/instruments/procedures for precise assembly of large telescope trusses • Roles of edge sensing and image-based wavefront control techniques • Evaluation of several prototype mirror flexures • Damping qualities of composite components in a large telescope • Distributeds processor architectures for highly segmented active mirrors • Comparison of various wavefront control techniques and instruments • Self-sensing, high resolution, long stroke,low power, linear actuators • Industrialization of small segment production capacity • Advanced mirror materials and fabrication techniques

  5. PAMELA: Phased Array Mirror Extendible Large Aperture • 36-segment adaptive spherical primary mirror • Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor • Inductive edge sensors • 5 kHz sample rate • Tip/tilt/piston control via voice coil actuators • Closed-loop bandwidth exceeding 100 Hz

  6. PAMELA Control Challenges • Utilized Shack-Hartmann sensor for local tip/tilt feedback and edge sensors for nearest neighbor edge-matching • More than 100 modes within control bandwidth • Segment dynamics coupled through primary mirror backplane

  7. SIBOA Testbed Systematic Image Based Optical Alignment (SIBOA) testbed to demonstrate quasi-deterministic image-based alignment and phasing techniques at low temporal bandwidths • Seven spherical segments • Aspheric secondary • Broadband, multiwavelength and monochromatic sources • PC/LabVIEW/MATLAB software interface • New Focus picomotor actuators for tip/tilt/piston control • Blue Line HET-grade edge sensors

  8. SIBOA Quasi-deterministic Phasing 3-segment Aperture Mask for quasi-deterministic phasing Next slide shows PSFs when one segment is pistoned out of phase from 0 to 2p in 1/8 wave increments

  9. Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS) for theHobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) Correct thermoelastically induced misalignment of primary mirror segments using inductive edge sensors

  10. SAMS’s Inductive Edge Sensors Accuracy ~ 50 nm RMS Noise < 25 nm RMS • 480 edge sensors on HET’s 91 mirror segments • 1 Hz sample rate • Give PMC updates every 10 seconds • Control software in LabVIEW for Solaris on Sun UltraSparc 5 • Successful demonstration on 7-segment sub-array in April 2001

  11. On-sky Image 5-April 02:00 M20 EE50 = 1.15 arcseconds Reference Stack SAMS Stack EE50 = 1.57 arcseconds Sub-array SAMS On-sky Performance 74 hours after last stack

  12. NGST: Next Generation Space Telescope • Contributed to preliminary design and government “yardstick” concept • Hands-on experience in integrated modeling utilizing JPL’s IMOS (integrated modeling of optical systems) MATLAB toolbox • Studied application of edge sensor architecture for aligning NGST segments (rigid or flexible) • Managed lightweight mirror development and advanced cryogenic actuator development contracts

  13. NGST Simulink Example

  14. NGST Simulink Optics Block Diagram Example

  15. MSFC’s Unique Capabilities • Operation of 2 unique active/adaptive optics testbeds • PAMELA: adaptive, high temporal bandwidth, 36 segments, lots of dynamic coupling • SIBOA: active, low temporal bandwidth, 7 segments, relatively benign disturbance environment • Developed a MATLAB toolkit for analyzing segmented mirror control, including edge sensor configurations, radius of curvature control, and image point spread functions • Utilized LabVIEW and MATLAB for rapid software development of segmented mirror control systems • Over 40 nights of engineering-time experience on-site as PI on HET • Integrated thermal, structural, optics, controls modeling of telescope structures

  16. Recent Bibliography •    J. Rakoczy, D. Hall, R. Howard, J. Weir, E. Montgomery, G. Ames, T. Danielson, P. Zercher, “Demonstration of a segment alignment maintenance system on a seven-segment sub-array of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope,” No. 4494-10, SPIE: Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology II, July 30-August 1, 2001, San Diego, California.      • J. Rakoczy, E. Montgomery, J. Lindner, “Recent Enhancements of the Phase Array Mirror Extendible Large Aperture (PAMELA) Telescope Testbed at MSFC,” No. 4004-61, SPIE: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2000, March 27-31, 2000, Munich, Germany. •        J. Booth, M. Adams, G. Ames, J. Fowler, E. Montgomery, J. Rakoczy, “Development of the Segment Alignment Maintenance System (SAMS) for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope,” No. 4003-20, SPIE: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2000, March 27-31, 2000, Munich, Germany. •         J. Rakoczy, “An Edge Sensor Architecture Concept for Coarse Figure Initialization of the Next Generation Space Telescope,” NASA/MSFC Internal Memo ED11(12-98-124), June 9, 1998. •        G. Mosier, M. Femiano, K. Ha, P. Bely, R. Burg, D. Redding, A. Kissil, J. Rakoczy, “Fine Pointing Control for a Next Generation Space Telescope,” No. 3351-06, SPIE: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, March 20-28, 1998, Kona, Hawaii. •    G. Mosier, M. Femiano, K. Ha, P. Bely, R. Burg, D. Redding, A. Kissil, J. Rakoczy, L. Craig, “Integrated Modeling Environment for Systems-Level Performance Analysis of the Next Generation Space Telescope,” No. 3356-08, SPIE: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, March 20-28, 1998, Kona, Hawaii. •        D. Redding, S. Basinger, A. Lowman, A. Kissil, P. Bely, R. Bur, G. Mosier, M. Femiano, M. Wilson, D. Jacobson, J. Rakoczy, J. Hadaway, “Wavefront Sensing and Control for a Next Generation Space Telescope,” No. 3356-47, SPIE: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, March 20-28, 1998, Kona, Hawaii. •        G. Ames, R. Howard, J. Lindner, E. Montgomery, A. Patterson, J. Rakoczy, G. Zeiders, H. Waites, “Phase 1 Testing and Verification on a 0.5 Meter Diameter Telescope with a 36 Segment Adaptive Primary Mirror,” No. 2376-22, SPIE: Laser Power Beaming II, February 4-10, 1995, San Jose, California.

More Related