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Elaine M. Prins NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team Madison, Wisconsin

Overview of GOES and MTSAT Platforms: Fire Monitoring Characteristics GOFC/GOLD Global Geostationary Fire Monitoring Applications Workshop EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany 23 March 2004. Elaine M. Prins NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team Madison, Wisconsin

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Elaine M. Prins NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team Madison, Wisconsin

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  1. Overview of GOES and MTSAT Platforms: Fire Monitoring Characteristics GOFC/GOLD Global Geostationary Fire Monitoring Applications Workshop EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany 23 March 2004 Elaine M. Prins NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team Madison, Wisconsin elaine.prins@ssec.wisc.edu Christropher C. Schmidt Joleen M. Feltz UW-Madison Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT) UW-Madison Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  2. Overview • Geostationary platform fire monitoring characteristics- GOES-10/-12: fire monitoring in the Western Hemisphere- GOES-9: fire monitoring in the Western Pacific, SE Asia, and Australia- Future MTSAT-1R fire monitoring capabilities- Next Generation GOES ABI spectral bands and fire monitoring • Comparisons of minimum detectable fire size for GOES-9/-10/-12, MSG, and MTSAT-1R • Comparisons of fire saturation points for GOES-9/-10/-12, MSG, and MTSAT-1R

  3. -160 -120 -80 -40 80 GOES-E GOES-W GOES-12 (East) Imager Characteristics Band Wavelength IGFOV Sampled Subpoint NEDT (microns) (km) Resolution (km) 1 0.53-.77 1.0x1.0 0.57x1.0 10-bit data 2 3.76-4.03 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .21 K @ 300 K 3 5.77- 7.33 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .16 K @ 230 K 4 10.23-11.24 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .10 K @ 300 K 5 NA 6 12.96-13.72 8.0x8.0 2.3x8.0 .18 K 60 40 Satellite View Angle 80° 65° 20 0 GOES-10 (West) Imager Characteristics Band Wavelength IGFOV Sampled Subpoint NEDT (microns) (km) Resolution (km) 1 0.53-.72 1.0x1.0 0.57x1.0 10-bit data 2 3.78-4.03 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .23 K @ 300 K 3 6.47-7.03 8.0x8.0 2.3x8.0 .30 K @ 230 K 4 10.2-11.2 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .14 K @ 300 K 5 11.5-12.5 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .26 K @ 300 K -20 -40 -60 -80 Current U.S. Geostationary Coverage and Fire Monitoring Characteristics Fire Monitoring Characteristics • Oversampling in the East/West direction with a sub-sampled res of 2.3x4.0 km • High temporal resolution: every 15 minutes over portions of North America, half-hourly elsewhere, capability for 1-minute imaging in Super Rapid Scan Operational mode. • GOES-12 band 2 has an elevated saturation temperature of ~337 K.Elevated GOES-12 band 2 saturation temperature gives improved fire characterization. GOES-10 saturates at ~322K resulting in non-fire saturation points during peak heating hours. • Fire size detectability limits with an average fire temperature of 750K:Equator: .15 ha 50°N: .32 ha

  4. GOES-East Fire and Smoke Monitoring

  5. GOES-East Multi-spectral Fire Detection in Canada Date: 21 June 1995 Time: 2345 UTC

  6. GOES-9 Imager Characteristics Band Wavelength IGFOV Sampled Subpoint NEDT (microns) (km) Resolution (km) 1 0.52-.72 1.0x1.0 0.57x1.0 10-bit data 2 3.78-4.03 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .23 K @ 300 K 3 6.47-7.02 8.0x8.0 2.3x8.0 .30 K @ 230 K 4 10.2-11.2 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .14 K @ 300 K 5 11.5-12.5 4.0x4.0 2.3x4.0 .26 K @ 300 K Satellite View Angle 80° 65° Overview of GOES-9 Fire Monitoring Capabilities for SE Asia Fire Monitoring Characteristics • Oversampling in the East/West direction with a sub-sampled res of 2.3x4.0 km provides a better opportunity to capture an entire fire within a fov. • High temporal resolution: full disk every hour, reduced sectors every half-hour • GOES-9 band 2 has a saturation temperature of ~324 K.This may result in numerous non-fire saturation points during peak heating hours. • Fire size detectability limits with an average fire temperature of 750K:Equator: .15 ha 50°N: .32 ha

  7. MTSAT-1R JAMI Characteristics Band Wavelength IGFOV NEDT (microns) (km) 1 0.55-.90 0.5 12-bit data 2 10.3-11.3 2.0 .08-.16 in all IR bands 3 11.5-12.5 2.0 @ 300 K 4 6.5-7.0 2.0 5 3.5-4.0 2.0 Satellite View Angle 80° 65° Overview of MTSAT-1R Fire Monitoring Capabilities for SE Asia Fire Monitoring Characteristics • IGFOV resolution of 0.5 km in the visible and 2.0 km in all IR bands. Highest resolution to date from an operational meteorological geostationary satellite • High temporal resolution: capable of full disk in < 24 minutes • MTSAT-1R band 5 has a saturation temperature of ~320 K.Along with an increased spatial resolution and spectral width extending towards the shorter wavelengths, will result in numerous saturation points during peak heating hours. • Fire size detectability limits with a fire temperature of 750K:Equator: .03 ha 50°N: .06 ha

  8. - - GOES-9 Fire Monitoring in SE Asia GOES-9 4 micron imagery Date: 19- Mar-2004 Times: 0325-0725 UTC Satellite view angle: 70º GOES-9 visible imagery Date: 19- Mar-2004 Times: 0725 UTC

  9. Estimates of Minimum Detectable Fire Size at Various Fire Temperatures Locations: 50°N and the Equator Comparison of Fire Saturation Points

  10. ABI Current Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands Spatial resolution 0.64 mm Visible 0.5 km Approx. 1 km Other Visible/nearIR 1.0 km n/a Bands (>2 mm) 2 km Approx. 4 km Spatial coverage Full disk 4 per hour Every 3 hours CONUS 12 per hour ~4 per hour Operation during eclipse Yes No The Advanced Baseline Imager

  11. ABI Bands Band 7: Saturation temperature of 400K MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s) MODIS/MTG/ Aircraft, etc Current GOES Imagers

  12. GOES-R and GOES-I/M Simulations of Viejas Fire Using MODIS Data: January 3, 2001 at 1900 UTC Simulated GOES-R: 3.9 micron Simulated GOES-I/M: 3.9 micron

  13. Summary • GOES-E/-W- GOES-E(-12) allows for half-hourly fire products for the Western Hemisphere; products useful even at high satellite zenith angles (65-80º).- GOES-W(-10) fire monitoring and subpixel characterization capabilities are reduced due to low saturation in the 3.9 m band. • GOES-9- Although fire monitoring/characterization capabilities reduced due to low saturation in the the 3.9 m band, provides first diurnal look at fire hot spots in the Western Pacific, SE Asia, and Australia- Nearly hourly full disk coverage • MTSAT-1R- Future diurnal fire monitoring at 2 km spatial resolution - Full disk coverage in less than 24 minutes- Low saturation in the 3.9 m band with increased spatial resolution will severely hinder sub-pixel fire characterization • Next Generation GOES ABI - Enhanced spatial resolution (2 km in the IR) and high saturation in the 3.9 m band (400K) result in improved fire characterization- Full disk coverage every 15 minutes • Minimum Detectable Fire Size and Saturation Issues

  14. The Basics of GOES Satellite Infrared Fire Detection p 1-p Pixel (Example from South America)

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