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How do we get actual traits from our genes and DNA?

How do we get actual traits from our genes and DNA?. Protein Synthesis. What we know:. DNA consists of A, T, C and G’s (about 3 billion of them!) in a double helix structure. Our traits are passed down to us from both parents when sperm and eggs are made during meiosis.

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How do we get actual traits from our genes and DNA?

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  1. How do we get actual traits from our genes and DNA? Protein Synthesis

  2. What we know: • DNA consists of A, T, C and G’s (about 3 billion of them!) in a double helix structure. • Our traits are passed down to us from both parents when sperm and eggs are made during meiosis. • In most cases, we can determine the probability of getting certain traits by using a Punnett square. • Proteins are one of the 4 carbon compounds and are made up of amino acids. They make up most of our bodies.

  3. What we know from the homework: Characteristics of DNA Characteristics of RNA # of strands: two # of strands: one Name of sugar: Name of sugar: deoxyribose ribose Bases involved: Bases involved: ATCG (thymine) AUCG (uracil) Location: nucleusLocation: nucleus to cytoplasm

  4. Example strands: DNA: ATC CTA GAT TAC GCC TAG GAT CTA ATG CGG RNA: AUC CUA GAU UAC CGG 3 Types of RNA: mRNA: carries the message from the DNA to the ribosome tRNA: transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome to make a protein rRNA: makes up the ribosomes

  5. So…how do we actually get our traits? • Problem: Our DNA cannot leave the nucleus. Why not? • How do we get proteins out of DNA letters? • Which organelle makes proteins?

  6. Protein Synthesis • Part 1: Transcription • Occurs in the nucleus • Copies DNA into mRNA so it can leave the nucleus • Copy this DNA strand into mRNA. ACT CAT TAT CCT GAC TAC

  7. Protein Synthesis • Part 2: Translation • The mRNA strand moves to the ribosome • The ribosome “reads” the mRNA codons • The tRNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome • The amino acids combine to form a protein

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