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Teacher Professionalism: the Canadian case. For the Alliance Meeting August 2009. A Few Key Canadian Facts. Provincial jurisdiction in education (10 provinces) Immigrant society (1 in 5 foreign born; 70% live in three largest cities) Unionized teachers with few labour shortages
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Teacher Professionalism: the Canadian case For the Alliance Meeting August 2009
A Few Key Canadian Facts • Provincial jurisdiction in education (10 provinces) • Immigrant society (1 in 5 foreign born; 70% live in three largest cities) • Unionized teachers with few labour shortages • Relatively high international achievement and low disparity in achievement
University Based Teacher Education • Evolved post 1945 from normal schools and teachers colleges funded and regulated by the government • Virtually all 56 universities offering teacher education are public institutions with public funding and regulated tuition • Programs certified by College of Teachers (Ontario and BC) or Ministry of Education (all others)
Size and Content • 55,000 graduates annually, 24,000 from Ontario (3 per 1000 K-12 students in Canada) • Virtually all receive BEd degrees, either concurrent or consecutive with BA/BSc • Emphasis on practicum experience with curriculum, foundational subjects and “reflective” practice • Substantial focus on social justice and diversity
Teacher Education across Canada • British Columbia: 12 months to 2 years • Alberta: 16 months to 2 years • Saskatchewan: 2 years • Manitoba: 2 years • Ontario: 8 months • Quebec: 2 - 3 years • Prince Edward Island: 2 years • New Brunswick: 18 months to 2 years • Nova Scotia: 2 years • Newfoundland: 12 months
Current Context Increased complexity and need for expertise: - diversity of student language, culture, needs - higher expectations of schools - more data driven discussions - more research and scholarship
Issues Affecting Professionalism of Teaching • Increased interprovincial and global movement of teachers leads to discussion of certification requirements • Public funding makes increasing investment in preservice teacher education difficult • Teacher unions are not particularly supportive of increasing preservice education • Induction programs, in service and graduate education are variable, often not university based, and poorly understood
The Way Forward In our own jurisdictions, through our own partnerships, we must find a way to ensure teachers continue to increase their knowledge base, innovate in their practice and share their understandings. The university has a key role to play because of its commitment to knowledge building and knowledge sharing.