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Children in the Progressive Era

Children in the Progressive Era. Julianna Bottiglieri and Mia Rossi. http:// www.youtube.com / watch?v = fl_1vgyOxY. 1876. The labor movement encouraged a minimum age law The Working Men’s Party wanted to make it illegal to employ children under 14

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Children in the Progressive Era

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  1. Children in the Progressive Era

    Julianna Bottiglieri and Mia Rossi
  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fl_1vgyOxY
  3. 1876 The labor movement encouraged a minimum age law The Working Men’s Party wanted to make it illegal to employ children under 14 The Working Men’s Party – the first political organization in the United States based on labor They favored voting rights for all males, equal educational opportunities, protection against going to debtor’s prison and military drafts, and shorter working hours along with better wages
  4. 1881 The newly formed American Federation of Labor (AFL) supported state minimum age laws The first AFL convention passed a law calling on states to ban children under 14 from all paid employment AFL President, Samuel Gompers, believed in “keeping it simple” so he was interested in improving the basic conditions for Americans – higher wages and better working conditions
  5. 1883 New York unions won state reform Led by Samuel Gompers, the New York labor movement successfully supported laws prohibiting cigar making in houses, where thousands of young children worked in the the business This was overridden by the state’s highest court even though it was sponsored by Theodore Roosevelt and Grover Cleveland The court declared that government should not force workers to leave their home and go to work and should not interfere with the profitable use of houses
  6. 1892 Democrats adopted union recommendations They adopted the idea of banning factory employment for children under 15
  7. 1904 National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) forms and an aggressive national campaign for federal child labor law reform began Committee of men and women concerned with the working children A photographer started to take pictures of their conditions to be documented The NCLC worked toward banning most form of child labor but the Supreme Court said that banning child labor was unconstitutional The first attempted law did not pass, but the second law that set provisions and fair labor standards had passed
  8. 1916 New federal law penalizes state violators The first federal child labor law prevents the movement of goods across state lines if minimum age laws are violated This law stayed active until 1918, when it was considered unconstitutional, then after being revisedand passed it was declared unconstitutional again Hammer v. Dagenhart – said that this labor law was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court is pro-business so they were usually anti-child labor laws. They thought a lot of laws created in this were were unconstitutional causing many to be repealed
  9. 1924 The first attempt to gain federal regulation fails Congress passed an amendment giving the federal government authority to regulate child labor Not enough states ratify it so it never took effect
  10. School Reform Education was now thought of as a way to prepare children to become a productive American citizen, and to Americanize immigrants “Common” education was considered to be elementary grades, which had a law stating that children must attend High schooling was optional, and mostly for middle and upper class students
  11. School Reform An improved economy brought higher wages, which allowed more and more people to attend high school High schooling was eventually at the level of “common” education along with elementary schooling
  12. Mother Jones Fighter for workers’ rights Considered the most dangerous woman in America Was married and had 4 kids when her husband and children were killed by yellow feverso she felt like she needed to help people
  13. “I would look out of the plate glass windows and see the poor, shivering wretches, jobless and hungry, walking alongside the frozen lake front. The tropical contrast of their condition with that of the tropical comfort of the people for whom I sewed was painful to me. My employers seemed neither to notice me nor to care.”
  14. Mother Jones and Her March There was a work strike over wanting their work week to be cut from 60 to 55 hours She led a march of 100 children from the textile mills of Philadelphia to NYC to “show the millionaires of New York their grievances” (trying to show how they did not have it bad) The march led all the way to President Roosevelt’s home in Long Island
  15. Florence Kelley Prominent social reformer during the Progressive Era who helped develop state and federal labor and social welfare legislation Helped to develop the Hull House, which opened as a kindergarten, and eventually included secondary and college level courses, as well as those on civil rights and duties Became the first general secretary of the NCL Promoted federal regulations on hours and wages within child labor Influenced the creation of the New York Child Labor Committee in 1902, the National Child Labor Committee in 1903, and the U.S. Children’s Bureau in 1912.
  16. National Consumers League Began in the late 19th century to protect and give justice to the working people Lead by its general secretary Florence Kelley During the early 20th century, the NCL did many different things for the reform for the working people One in particular is that they advocated for the creation of a federal Children’s Bureau and restrictions against child labor
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