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Detectors and Accelerators

Detectors and Accelerators. Marty Peters Summer 2006. Detectors. Detectors may be used to visualize, measure, or analyze particles and other forms of radiation. Properties detected include charge, mass, and momentum. They are often based on ionization of matter or luminescence.

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Detectors and Accelerators

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  1. Detectors and Accelerators Marty Peters Summer 2006

  2. Detectors • Detectors may be used to visualize, measure, or analyze particles and other forms of radiation. Properties detected include charge, mass, and momentum. They are often based on ionization of matter or luminescence.

  3. Gas-filled. Super-saturated vapor Droplets form on ions generated by passing particle ~1900 C.T.R. Wilson Source: www.scienceline.net Cloud Chamber

  4. Bubble Chamber • Superheated liquid • Trails of gas bubbles from ionizing particles • 1952 Donald Glaser Source: Wikipedia

  5. Photographic Plates • Light-sensitive emulsion • Blackened by radiation • 1910’s Victor Franz Hess – cosmic radiation left traces on stacks of plates • Mountains; balloons Source: faculty.washington.edu

  6. Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) • Vacuum tube • Converts light to electrical energy • Amplifies Source: www.answers.com

  7. Cherenkov Detector • 1934 Cherenkov • Charged particles pass through transparent medium > speed of light in that medium [sonic boom] • Radiating light particles vs non-radiating heavy Source: neutrino.kek.jp

  8. Ionization/Geiger-Mueller • 1908 Hans Geiger • Inert gas & organic vapor • Cathode (metal walls) • Anode (wire) • 100’s v; 0 amp • Radiation ionizes gas • Current pulse Source: www.answers.com

  9. Scintillation Counter • Radiation strikes phosphor • Absorption & reemission • Tiny visible flashes • Based on Becquerel’s phosphorescence Source: www.ipj.gov.pl

  10. Calorimeters • Measure energy Source: particleadventure.org

  11. Fixed Target – cone shaped Colliding Beams – spherical or cone Detector Format Source: particleadventure.org

  12. Sources of Particles and/or Photons: Background & Cosmic Source: lyoinfo.in2p3.fr/ manoir/lsm_eng.html

  13. Sources of Particles and/or Photons: Radioactive Sources Source: www.kiddofspeed.com

  14. Sources of Particles and/or Photons: Accelerators Linear – Fixed Target or Collider Circular Source: particleadventure.org

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