Standard(s):

1. Standard(s): 15.Identify the proceedings that influenced settlement and growth of United States (ex: Louisiana Purchase, cattle trails, Oregon Trail, Gold Rush, Gadsden Purchase) 16.Identify the causes and outcomes of the War of 1812,Texas independence, and the Mexican - American War, and the Spanish American War 17.Develop and understand the western movement and pioneer life. 18.Examine the US government’s treatment of Native Americans during the expansion years 28.Identify the significance of landmark Supreme Court Rulings from 1803-1877 including: • Marbury vs. Madison • Dred Scott Decision • Plessy vs. Ferguson

2. The Jefferson Era

3. Thomas Jefferson His supporters said John Adams: Wanted to be king Would use the army to limit American rights John Adams His supporters said Thomas Jefferson: Was a pro-French radical Would bring to America the chaos of the French Revolution The Election of 1800the Candidates

4. A Tie Vote The tie between Jefferson and Burr caused a problem

5. Constitution • The person who get wthe most votes would be President, the next most Vice President • In a tie the decision goes to the House of Representatives (Article II, Section I) • On the 36th vote Jefferson won

6. Twelfth Amendment • Created a separate ballot for president and vice president

7. Jefferson’s Inauguration • He supported the will of the majority • He stressed • The need for a limited government • The need to protect civil liberties

8. Jefferson’s Policies • Allow the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire • Lower military spending and reduced the size of the army • Get rid of domestic taxes • Agreed to leave the bank in place

9. Marbury v Madison • Judicial Act of 1801 • Passed by Federalist legislators to continue control over the judiciary • Created 16 new federal judgeships • Which Adams filled with Federalists before leaving office • Some of the appointment documents had not been delivered when Adams left office

10. Marbury was named justice of the peace by Adams Did not receive his document Demanded them from Jefferson Jefferson said the appointment of midnight judges was not valid Jefferson’s secretary of state, James Madison, refused to deliver the documents The Controversy

11. Marbury brought suit in the Supreme Court • Cited the Judiciary Act of 1789 • Chief Justice John Marshal said • the court can only hear certain types of cases • Denied Marbury’s request

12. Importance of Marbury v Madison • The case helped establish the Supreme Court’s power to check the power of the other branches of government.

13. Judicial Review • The case established the Court’s power of Judicial Review • The power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

14. Americans Move West • Thousands of Americans settled between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River

15. Was an important port at the mouth of the Mississippi for settlers in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio Controlled by Spain New Orleans

16. Spain closed New Orleans to American shipping Then traded it to France 1802

17. Napoléon • Wanted to rebuild France’s empire in North America • use Haiti as a supply base • From there send troops to Louisiana • But enslaved Africans in Haiti revolted and freed themselves from French rule • This ended his hopes of a North American Empire

18. Louisiana Purchase • http://www.history.com/videos/louisiana-purchase-doubles-size-of-america#louisiana-purchase-doubles-size-of-america

19. 1803 • Jefferson tried to buy New Orleans • For $10 million • France was at war with Great Britain and needed money • Napoléon offered to sell all of Louisiana • For $15 million • Jefferson agreed • Congress approved • The purchase doubled the size of the U.S.

20. Exploring the Louisiana Purchase • Jefferson wanted to learn more about the land of the west • And look for a river route to the Pacific Ocean • He asked Congress to fund an expedition

21. The Lewis and Clark Expedition

22. In 1804 they began their journey • Lewis and Clark kept journals of their travels • After traveling 600 miles they met the first Native Americans

23. Charbonneau, a French trapper, joined the expedition as interpreter and guide • He was assisted by his wife, Sacagawea, a Shoshone from the Rocky Mountains

24. Pike’s Peak

25. Zebulon Pike • An army officer, sent to find the starting point of the Red River • Considered to be the western border with New Spain • Tried to reach the summit of the mountain now known as Pike’s Peak in Colorado • The Spanish arrested him for being a spy • Then released him • His reports described the Southwest

26. The Coming of War • USS Constitution • A large warship, was sent out to end attacks from pirates

27. Violations of Neutrality • 1803 • Great Britain and France were at war • Each passed laws to prevent American merchants from trading with the other • Stopped ships and searched for war supplies

28. Impressments • Britain began stopping and searching American ships for runaway sailors • Began to force U.S. citizens to serve in the army or navy

29. Jefferson’s response to the violations to neutrality Banned trade with all foreign countries American ships could not sail to foreign ports American ports were closed to British ships Embargo Act

30. The result . . . • The Act had little effect on Britain and France • American merchants lost money • Damaged Jefferson’s popularity

31. 1809 Congress replaced the Embargo Act with new laws It banned trade only with Britain and France Said America would resume trade with whoever stopped violating U.S. neutrality

32. Thomas Jefferson • http://www.history.com/shows/the-presidents/videos/jefferson-expands-executive-power#jefferson-expands-executive-power

33. James Madison • 1808 - elected president • He sought to continue Jefferson's agenda • He continued to reduce the national debt and cut taxes • He signed a bill to charter the Second National Bank

34. Meanwhile . . .

35. 1809 – Congress replace the Embargo Act with a new law • It banned trade only with Britain, France, and their colonies • It stated that the U.S. would trade with the first side that stopped violating U.S. neutrality • It was also unsuccessful

36. Conflict in the West • British were unhappy with American settlers in the west • Began to arm Native Americans

37. Tecumseh • A Shawnee chief • After the British ceded the Ohio Valley to America his tribe was pushed out of Ohio and into Indiana • Wanted to unite Indian tribes against white • Founded a village near the Wabash and Tippecanoe rivers

38. William Henry Harrison • Harrison was alarmed by Tecumseh’s activities • Felt that with British backing he could be a serious threat • He met with him and urged him to follow the Treaty of Greenville (1795) • Tecumseh refused

39. Battle of Tippecanoe

40. Tecumseh went south to ask the Creek’s to join his forces While he was gone Harrison led troops to Prophetstown Tecumseh fled to Canada The Prophet (Tecumseh’s brother) ordered an attack on Harrison The U.S. won The battle destroyed Tecumseh’s dream of an Indian confederation

41. Call for War • Evidence of British support for Tecumseh angered Americans • Young members of congress, called War Hawks, wanted war against Britain

42. Wanted to: • Stop British influence with Native Americans • Invade Canada and gain more land

43. Opposition to War • New England Federalists felt good relations with Britain were essential to New England’s economy • Others feared the U.S. was not ready to fight Britain • U.S. army and navy was small and poorly equipped

44. James Madison/War of 1812 • http://www.history.com/topics/james-madison/videos#madisons-war-agaist-great-britain

45. Declaring War • 1812 - Congress voted to declare war • A few months later Madison was reelected

47. Early Battles

48. War at Sea • The U.S. Navy had 20 ships • Britain had hundreds, but were scattered around the globe • America enjoyed several victories • Eventually British ships blockaded America’s seaports

49. American’s wanted to follow up victories with an invasion of Canada Planned three attacks: From Detroit From Niagara Falls Up the Hudson toward Montreal The Canadian Border

50. The attacks failed State militia troops refused to cross the Canadian border Did not want to fight in a foreign country British soldiers and Indians led by Tecumseh captured Fort Detroit