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1-3 Classifying Organisms

1-3 Classifying Organisms. Pages 28-37. Classification and Taxonomy. Classification - Process of grouping things based on similarities Biologists put them into groups so they are easier to identify and study Taxonomy - Study of how organisms are classified. Early Classification Systems.

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1-3 Classifying Organisms

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  1. 1-3 Classifying Organisms Pages 28-37

  2. Classification and Taxonomy Classification- • Process of grouping things based on similarities • Biologists put them into groups so they are easier to identify and study Taxonomy- • Study of how organisms are classified

  3. Early Classification Systems Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)- • 1st to classify • Divided animals into 3 categories: • Fly • Swim • Walk/run/crawl

  4. Early Classification Systems Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)- • Father of modern taxonomy and ecology • Looked at body structures, body systems, and how they got their food • Devised a naming system for organisms (still used today) • Binomial Nomenclature (next slide)

  5. Binomial Nomenclature • Each organism is given a 2-part name (Genus, species) • Genus: (always CAPITALIZED) • 1st part of name groups with similar, closely related organisms • Example: (pumas, ocelots, house cats) Genus= Felis • species: (ALWAYS lowercase) • 2nd part of name with similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. Very Specific (only pumas) • Similar to our 1st and last name (always Latin)

  6. 7 Levels of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti

  7. 7 Levels of Classification • Not based on where they live • Based on Shared Characteristics • King, Phil, Comes, Over, For, Good, Spaghetti • Goes from Broadest (biggest) more specific • Classifying an owl Figure 12 page 33 **Show classifications on OH

  8. Evolution and Classification • Charles Darwin- wrote theory about how species change over time • Has had a major impact on how species are classified Evolution- The process by which organisms change gradually over time.

  9. Classification Today • Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together • This is done by: • Studying Fossils • Comparing Body Structures of living organisms (Fig. 14 pg. 35) • Comparing Early development • Examining chemical makeup (Figure 15 pg. 36) skunks and weasels

  10. Using the Classification System • May be used for camping. (spiders, snakes, scorpions) Field Guide- Books with illustrations (pictures) that highlight differences. Taxonomic Key- Series of paired statement that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms (Dichotomous Key)

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