1 / 16

PROCESSORS

PROCESSORS. Department of ECE/EEE, M.S.P.V.L Polytechnic College, Pavoorchatram. Processor. Pronounced as separate letters it is the abbreviation for c entral p rocessing u nit . The CPU is the brains of the computer.

caleb-mcfadden
Download Presentation

PROCESSORS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PROCESSORS Department of ECE/EEE, M.S.P.V.L Polytechnic College, Pavoorchatram.

  2. Processor • Pronounced as separate letters it is the abbreviation for central processing unit. • The CPU is the brains of the computer. • Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. • In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

  3. Cont., • On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. • On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. • Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.

  4. Cont., Two typical components of a CPU are the following: • The arithmetic logic unit(ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations. • The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.

  5. Computing • Central processing unit (CPU), an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs • Microprocessor, a CPU on one chip as part of a microcomputer • Graphics processing unit (GPU / VPU), a dedicated graphics rendering device for a personal computer or game console • Physics processing unit (PPU), a dedicated microprocessor designed to handle the calculations of physics

  6. Cont., • Digital signal processor, a specialized microprocessor designed specifically for digital signal processing • Network processor, a microprocessor specifically targeted at the networking application domain • Front end processor, a helper processor for communication between a host computer and other devices • Coprocessor • Floating point unit

  7. Cont., • Data processor, a system that translates or converts between different data formats • Word processor, a computer application used for the production of printable material • Audio processor, used in studios and radio stations

  8. CISC Processors CISC - Definition • A Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) is an instruction set architecture (ISA) in which each instruction can indicate several low-level operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction. • The term was coined in contrast to Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC).

  9. Cont., Examples of CISC processors are the • VAX, • PDP-11, • Motorola 68000 family • Intel x86/Pentium CPUs

  10. Incitements and benefits • Before the RISC philosophy became prominent, many computer architects tried to bridge the so called semantic gap. • To design instruction sets that directly supported high-level programming constructs such as procedure calls, loop control, and complex addressing modes, allowing data structure and array accesses to be combined into single instructions. • Instructions are also typically highly encoded in order to further enhance the code density.

  11. Cont., • The compact nature of such instruction sets results in smaller program sizes and fewer (slow) main memory accesses, which at the time (early 1960s and onwards) resulted in a tremendous savings on the cost of computer memory and disc storage,

  12. Features of CISC: • complex instruction. • more addressing mode. • Highly pipelined. • vice-versa of RISC.

  13. RISC Processors • RISC-Means Reduced Instruction Set Computer. • A Risc system has reduced number of instructions and moreimportantly it is load store architecture werepipelining can be implemented easily. Eg.ATMEL AVR

  14. Features One cycle execution time: • RISC processors have a CPI (clock per instruction) of one cycle. This is due to the optimization of each instruction on the CPU and a technique called <I.PIPELINING< I>. Pipelining: • a techique that allows for simultaneous execution of parts, or stages, of instructions to more efficiently process instructions.

  15. Cont., large number of registers: • The RISC design philosophy generally incorporates a larger number of registers to prevent in large amounts of interactions with memory. RISC Characteristics • Simple instructions set, • Same length instructions, • 1 machine cycle instructions.

  16. The End ….. Thank You …..

More Related