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Key to successful ICs

Communication. . . Why is it important?. . . . Cancellation Study, presented AIM 2002, 3year study 2000-2002. Misunderstandings. . . . Difficult even if we have more communication possibilities.

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Key to successful ICs

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    1. Key to successful ICs

    2. Communication

    3. Why is it important?

    4. Misunderstandings

    5. Communication: Don’t take your perception for granted

    6. Communication style direct vs. indirect clarity vs. group harmony/face saving/respect Direct communicators would not expect the following to mean „no“: I will think about it Maybe I have to check this It is not so convenient I might consider That is a little too much

    7. Eliminate misunderstandings Before you communicate ask yourself: „Can my counterpart understand what I am saying?“ Establish context and relations by creating commonalities like: CISV experience Eating or cooking Raising children Same profession Same hobbies

    8. Get Buy-in and Feedback If your communication partner doesn’t understand, don’t just repeat: Rephrase and use different words Visualize complicated expressions Ask for a summary in his/her own words Ask for an e-mail, instead of using the phone Remember Cooperation Guidelines: Different behaviours and opinions are not better or worse – just different Respect is earned Smooth cooperation depends on reciprocity

    9. Agreement to Interchange ... is a negotiation process with several steps

    10. IIC ideas

    11. IIC ideas – more LIC tasks

    12. IIC ideas

    13. Who communicates?

    14. Appendix: Intercultural Conflicts gives a broader view to intercultural conflict is additional to the presentation includes cultural self-awareness has a more academic view

    15. National Culture

    16. Conflict Triangle (ABC & PPP Model)

    17. Hofstede’s Value Dimensions

    18. Stereotyping What is stereotyping? A form of categorisation that organises our experience towards groups in society Never accurate; it describes a behavioural norm within a group Stereotyping is only helpful when: Consciously held First best guess Seen as descriptive, not evaluative Modified based on further observation

    19. Example of stereotyping North-West Europe, US Issues are separated from people. (People can have an open argument and still maintain a friendly relationship afterwards) Public disagreement is acceptable Fact-based, confrontational response to conflicts, which is viewed from an intellectual point of view Prof. K. Köster, Uni Heilbronn

    20. Conflict Interaction Styles

    21. Cultural Self-Awareness (1) Individualism Each individual is unique, special and needs to be respected Privacy is a positive and desired condition Independence is valued Group orientation Strong identification with group Privacy means loneliness and isolation Dependence is normal

    22. Cultural Self-Awareness (2) Direct / Clarity Feedback is short and clear, even when negative Honesty and openness are highly valued Use of a third party is seen as manipulation Clear statements to avoid misunderstandings Indirect / Subtleness Bad news are avoided Mistakes are hidden Saving face is important Use of third party is accepted to maintain harmony

    23. Cultural Self-Awareness (3) Conflict Public disagreement is acceptable Issues are separated from people Fact based confrontational responses Consensus Maintaining face is important Issues are not separated from people Avoiding conflicts and creating ambiguity

    24. Cultural Self-Awareness (4) Task Focus on the issue/topic Break down of results into milestones Achievement and result orientation Relations Focus on colleagues and team members Establishing a good work climate No separation of business and private life

    25. Cultural Self-Awareness (5) Neutral Attempt to control emotions Emotions are seen as interference with objective judgement Expressing emotions at a culturally inappropriate time maybe considered unprofessional and out of control Affective Expressing emotions is natural It is adequate to show emotions in business

    26. Cultural Self-Awareness (6) Theoretical Advanced planning is highly important Reach understanding on an abstract level Follow certain principles; be consistent Pragmatic Trial and Error; learning by doing All means are accepted, if successful

    27. Cultural Self-Awareness (7) Equality All people are treated equally All people have an equal opportunity to succeed in life Hierarchy Rank, status, and authority are desirable It is reassuring to know who and where one belongs in society

    28. Bibliography Hofstede, G.J., Pendersen, P.B.,Hofstede, G., 2002. Exploring Culture: Exercises, Stories and Synthetic Cultures. London: Intercultural Press Köster, K., 2006. Managing Conflict in a Global Business Environment. Munich-Heilbronn: NIMBAS Lewis, R.D., 1999. When Cultures collide. Managing successfully across cultures. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing Ting-Toomey, S., Oetzel, J.G., 2001. Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively. Sage Publications Trompenaars, F., Hampden-Turner, C., 1997. Riding the waves of culture. 2nd Edition, London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing

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