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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AFRICAN WRITERS

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AFRICAN WRITERS. In Commemoration of the 50th Anniversar of the Ethiopian Writers Association 2-4 May 2011, AddisAbaba. ISLAMIZATION & ARABIZATION: THE CHALLENGE OF BORDERLAND COUNTRIES (BELT OF BILAD AL SOUDAN) Dr. M. J. Hashim.

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AFRICAN WRITERS

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  1. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF AFRICAN WRITERS • In Commemoration of the 50th Anniversar of the Ethiopian Writers Association • 2-4 May 2011, AddisAbaba ISLAMIZATION & ARABIZATION: THE CHALLENGE OF BORDERLAND COUNTRIES (BELT OF BILAD AL SOUDAN) Dr. M. J. Hashim

  2. ISLAMIZATION & ARABIZATION: THE CHALLENGE OF BORDERLAND COUNTRIES (BELT OF BILAD AL SOUDAN) ” Dr. M. Jalal Hashim

  3. Islamization & Arabization • neither Islam nor Arabs are meant • an ideological awareness if tested by both Islam & Pan Arabism may fail • It depicts situations where black Africans kill black African believing they are Arabs (Hashim, Forthcoming)

  4. Pan Africanism (1900): from African Diaspora to Continentalism (1945) • African Diaspora and the Motherland • The 1st 1900 London Pan African Congress: the Black Races • The 5th (eroneously) 1945 Manchester Pan African Congress: African Nations ; the Role of Nkruma • (Adi & Sherwood, 2003; Alli, 1999; Esedebe, 1994)

  5. Pan Africanism: Back to African Nation & the Emergence of Borderland Belt • Sub-Saharan Pan Africanism + Diaspora • The African Nation (Prah, 2006a)

  6. The Buffer Zone of Identity • Arabized Nomads Encroachment in Sudanic Belt (Sudan, Chad, Niger, Mali etc) • Identification with Arabs & deploring Africans (Prah, 2006b; 2005) • The Sudanic Belt Nomadic Pan Arab nationalism: in the making • Darfur Scenario: exterminating Africans (Hashim, 2005)

  7. Pan African Challenge of Borderland • The Split of Identity: Africanism vs. Arabism • Pan Africanism and the Challenge of Nation Building • Transforming Mode of Economical Activity: Pastoralist vs.Sedentary

  8. If Mission not accomplished? • The Desintegration of the State • Totalitarian Democracy • State Corruption in the Name of Allah • Demographic Re-engineering of Marginalized Areas out of Control • PROSPECTS OF Full-fledged Civil Wars? • Collapse of State? More Guerrella Organizations

  9. The Case of the Sudan

  10. The Geopolitical Significance of the Sudan • A Model for the belt of Bilad al-Sudan, i.e. Countries bordering Arabia from one side and Africa from the other • What takes place here is likely to occur elsewhere

  11. Regional Pan Africanism: drawing strength from within:the Case of Horn of Africa Regional Pan Africanism: drawing Strength from Within:the Case of the Horn of Africa • Raising and enhancing Pan African Awareness • Integrative Unity • Democratization & Human Rights • Developing economical Interdependencies • Raising Pan African Awareness • Ethnicity Management & Conflicts Resolution • Integrative Unity of Development & Education • Democratization & Human Rights • Developmental economical Interdependencies

  12. Over-bridging Regional disunity • Under regional unity: • * Ethiopia & Eritrea can reunite • * North & South Sudan can reunite • * Somalia can be reunite

  13. Regional Integration • Politically: Nile Basin Initiative • Sudan detaching from Egypt, integrating with Ethiopia • Regional Conflict Resolution Mechanism

  14. Labour, Commerce & Environment • Integral Commerce: easy cross border commodities • Environment & Food Security: Famine, Drought, & integral food production • Free Labour move

  15. Pan African Unity: widening regional unity A step toward Sub-Saharan African Unity

  16. Toward bigger regional Unity

  17. Sub-Saharan Pan African Unity

  18. Conclusion Africa is United! But where is the place of African Diaspora? The answer: Afro-Pacific-Caribbean Integration Institutionalized Come-Back Welcome Multi Pan African Citizenship

  19. BIBLIOGRAPHY • Alli, W.O. 1999. Africa & the African Diaspora: Aspects of an Experience. • Esedebe, P. Olisanwuche. 1994. Pan-Africanism: the Idea and the Movement: 1976-1991. Washington: Howard University Press. • Hakim Adi, Marika Sherwood. 2003. Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa & the Diaspora since 1787. New York: Routledge.

  20. Hashim, M.J. 2005. Islamization and Arabization of Africans as a Means to Political Power in the Sudan: Contradictions of Discrimination based on the Blackness of Skin and Stigma of Slavery and their Contribution to the Civil Wars. In: Bankie, F.B. & Mchombu, K. Pan-Africanism: African Nationalism: strengthening the Unity of Africa and its Diaspora. Asmara: the Red Sea Press, Inc. 265-293. • Hashim, M.J. 2010. The dams of Northern Sudan and the policy of demographic engineering. In: International Journal of African Renaissance Studies- Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity, Volume 5 Issue 1, 148 - 160. Online:http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a927027175~frm=titlelink?words=hashim&hash=3060959759

  21. Hashim, M.J. Forthcoming. To be or not to be: Sudan at Crossroads. Red Sea Publishing House. • Prah, Kwesi K. 2006a. The African Nation: The State of the Nation. Cape Town: the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Societies (CASAS). • Prah, Kwesi K (ed). 2006b. Racism in the Global African Experience. Cape Town: the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Societies (CASAS). • Prah, Kwesi K (ed). 2006b. Reflections on the Arab-led Slavery of Africans. Cape Town: the Centre for Advanced Studies of African Societies (CASAS).

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