L.O To learn how to use quotes effectively in text response

1. L.O To learn how to use quotes effectively in text response

2. What do you already know? • Make a list of everything you know about how to use quotes in essays.

3. What is the purpose of Quotes? • To support your argument • To show knowledge of the text • To give you something solid/concrete to discuss/analyse

4. When do you use the following? • “ “ • … • [ ] • ,

5. “ “ Quotation marks show that something is taken directly from the text. • … ellipsis – something is missing (Greek – to leave out) • [ ] – you have changed something about the sentence to make it flow into your sentence • , This is a comma  Use these when you are embedding a quote in your sentence.

6. Paraphrasing V Quotes • Paraphrasing – when you refer to an example in the text without quoting it directly. • You do this when… • You can’t remember the quote directly • When you need to refer to a large section of the text • When the text hasn’t dealt with the idea in a succinct way, it might be spread out across the text.

7. And we always get back to the hamburger… • Think about quote being the meat that is squished between two buns. • A rule that might help you • Put quote into context • QUOTE • Explain how this relates to your argument

8. Modify recipe: 3 ways to integrate • Begin with explanation: Danforth pushes Proctor to speak out against his friends, in order to show truth in his confession, but he declares that he will only “… speak [his] own sins,” and that he “…cannot judge another [for he has] no tongue for it.” • Begin with quote: 3. “I speak my own sins I cannot judge another I have no tongue for it,” Proctor declares to Danforth when he insists that he must name others, in order for his confession to be accepted by the court. He makes it clear that he will not pass judgement on others, as he does not see himself in a position to. • Quote is inserted in the middle: Proctor states, “I speak my own sins I cannot judge another I have no tongue for it,” this demonstrates that Danforth has pushed Proctor too far when he insists he must name others for his confession to be accepted by the court.

9. Useful phrases… • This demonstrates/shows/suggests/reveals/highlights/clarifies/proves/ conveys/ displays/illustrates. • There is evidence of this when… • [character] declares/states/proclaims/demands/ pleads for

10. Myths and Facts • Facts • Using the wrong quote can be worse than using no quote at all as it can undermine your argument • General rule, if it’s something you can say more succinctly, or if your quote is going to be really long - paraphrase • Quotes that are ‘floating’ impact on the fluency of your writing. They must be integrated. • You need to analyse the quote, unpack it, what is it saying? • In year 8 it is, not anymore • Myths • Quotes = high grades • It’s always better to quote than paraphrase • You just need quotes, it doesn't matter where they are • The quote speaks for itself • One piece of evidence per paragraph is enough

11. When do you use quotes? • Generally it’s the E (Evidence) in your body paragraph. • It is okay, but less common, to use in your introduction or conclusion. • This could be an interesting way to start addressing the question • There might be a quote that you could use at the end of your essay that really ‘sums up’ the point of your whole essay.

12. Okay, lets have a go. How well can you apply this? • Use your own quotes/topic sentence • OR • Topic Sentence: The structure of the theocracy does not allow for truth and justice.

13. Choose • Possible quotes: • “A person is either with this court or he must be against it, there be no road between…this is a sharp precise time…we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world.” • “Who weeps for these, weeps for corruption.” • “But witchcraft is ipso facto, on it’s face and by it’s nature, an invisible crime, is it not?”