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Cell Structure

Cell Structure. Cells. Cells. Functions of Cells. What are cells?. A cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. Cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.

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Cell Structure

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  1. Cell Structure Cells

  2. Cells

  3. Functions of Cells

  4. What are cells? • A cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. Cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive. • Your body is made up of specialized cells which carry out the processes needed for life

  5. Main Cell Components • Genetic material • Contains the material for life (DNA) • Cytoplasm fills cell interior – Liquid • Contains organelles sugars, amino acids • Plasma (cell) membrane encloses the cell – It is like the cells skin

  6. Animal Cell

  7. Plant Cell

  8. Structures common to plant and animal cells(Organelles – Small Organs) • Cytoplasm  Not an organelle, suspends the organelles • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Golgi Bodies • Vacuoles

  9. Cytoplasm • Gel-like substance which holds all the cell components together • Made mostly of water • Place where many chemical reactions occur

  10. Cell Membrane • The flexible double-layered “skin” of the cell • Just like our skin holds us together, the cell membrane holds the cell and its components together • It also allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell

  11. Nucleus – The Brain • Controls the cell – akin to our brains controlling us • Holds the genetic material (DNA) which is stored on Chromosomes • Directs activities of the cell • Usually one per cell, some cells have several (muscle) while other have none (Red Blood Cell) • Spherical in shape

  12. Chromosomes • DNA of eukaryotes is divided into linear chromosomes. • Contains all the information needed for life (genes) • We have 23 pairs = 46 Total, half from mom and half from dad

  13. Mitochondria • "Powerhouse of the cell" – Uses Glucose to provide cells with energy (Cellular Respiration) • Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy • Cells that use a lot of energy have more • Structure - outer and inner membranes

  14. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of transportation tubes which transport cellular substances around the cell (akin to a subway network transporting people from place to place) • Location where some proteins are made

  15. Golgi Bodies • Collect and process materials to be removed from the cell • Create and secrete mucus which is used as lining for the intestine and stomach

  16. Vacuoles • Large vacuoles are found in plants while animals have small vacuoles • Contain unwanted substances for removal • Maintaining internal pressures (Plant)

  17. Plant Cells ONLY! • Chloroplasts • Central vacuole • Cell wall

  18. Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than mitochondria • Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour and also allows them to absorb light to be used to create sugar in the process of photosynthesis

  19. Photosynthesis • Performed in the Chloroplasts of plant cells Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen

  20. True or False? • All energy starts with plants? • Plants make energy through photosynthesis? • Sugar is energy?

  21. Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • Within plant cells, photosynthesis takes place to produce glucose (sugar) • The sugar is then used within the mitochondria (cellular respiration) of both plants and animals • How do the animals obtain the glucose?

  22. Cellular Respiration Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy It’s a Cycle!! The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration The products of cellular respiration are Are the reactants of photosynthesis YOU CAN’T HAVE ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER!! Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen Photosynthesis

  23. True or False Answers? • All energy starts with plants? • Plants make energy through photosynthesis? • Sugar is energy?

  24. Vacuole • Plant cells usually have one large vacuole • Maintains the cells pressure  keeps the plants stems and leaves firm • Can be used for storage of wastes to be removed

  25. Cell Wall • Found just outside the cell membrane in plant cells • Hard structure made of cellulose (a kind of sugar) • Provide support and protection

  26. Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation

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