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DELPHI/LHCb Visits: Exploring the World of Particle Physics

Discover the fascinating world of particle physics with a visit to DELPHI/LHCb. Learn about the history, detectors, and experiments conducted at this world-renowned facility. Maximum 10 visitors per group.

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DELPHI/LHCb Visits: Exploring the World of Particle Physics

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  1. Visits to DELPHI/LHCb Ph.Charpentier DELPHI visits, PhC

  2. The travel and the arrival Parking Elevator Posters DELPHI visits, PhC

  3. Surface visit • Split into parties of up to 10 visitors • If needed, could be +1 (e.g. 45 visitors for 4 guides) • Warn the “gérants de site” when arriving for opening the sas • Maximum 2 groups in the cavern • Go to the lift with 2 groups immediately • The guides should use their access card, not the sas • Fill in the logbook next to the lift (name, number of visitors, time) • Make an introduction to the other groups showing them the surface posters (big-bang, LHC machine etc…) • For safety reasons, don’t let people into the construction hall • About 20 mn in the cavern, not more… • One group could go down once the first group is back DELPHI visits, PhC

  4. A bit of history • Collaboration started in 1981 • Founded by Ugo Amaldi (spokesperson until 1992) • Approved in 1983 • 1982-1985: prototyping • 1986-1988: installation • 1989-2000: data taking • 2001: dismantling • Ongoing: analysis and publications • LEP started on 14.07.1989, stopped on 2.11.2000 • DELPHI is the only part of LEP detector remaining intact • In fact only the barrel is left, the endcaps have been dismounted • LHCb is the experiment on LHC at pit8 • Under construction, hence not a visit area DELPHI visits, PhC

  5. DELPHI in numbers • Manpower: 500 physicists + 500 engineers / technicians • 3 years of construction + installation • Weight: 3200 tons (2000 barrel + 2*600 endcaps) • Total length of cables: 1100 km • Many cables carry up to 16 electronics signals • 3 level of electronics rooms on one side, 2 on the other • Electronics power: 500 kW • Data acquisition and control • 75 microprocessors for signal treatment • 15 powerful workstations on the surface for control • 2 large mainframes for data collection • Data transfer on optical link or Intranet • http://delphi-expo.web.cern.ch/DELPHI-Expo/VisitingDELPHI.html - numbers DELPHI visits, PhC

  6. The DELPHI detector DELPHI visits, PhC

  7. The detectors • Set of cylindrical detectors around the beam pipe • Beam pipe: beryllium and carbon fibre (11 cm in diameter) • e+e- collisions at the center • 3 functions: • Locate the particles • Measure their momentum / energy • Identify their nature (electron, pion, proton, kaon, muon…) • From the center to the outer • Very precise at center • Less and less precise going to the outside • Tracking devices (4 layers: VD, ID, TPC, OT) • Identification device (RICH) • Solenoid • Electromagnetic calorimeter (lead absorber) • Hadronic calorimeter (iron absorber) • Muon detector DELPHI visits, PhC

  8. Vertex Detector • Silicon ladders (precision 7µm) not yet presented DELPHI visits, PhC

  9. Inner Detector (ID) • Centre: “jet chamber” • Drift chamber made of 24 sectors of 24 wires each • Measure the time electrons take to go from the track to the wire • Outside: “straw tubes” • 5 layers DELPHI visits, PhC

  10. Time Projection Chamber • Ionisation in a gas • Argon + methane • Electric field // axis • Electrons drift towards the outside • Located using a wire chamber with pads • Measure the drift time • V ~ 6.7 cm/µs • Get the distance • 3 dimension device DELPHI visits, PhC

  11. Ring Imaging Cherenkov • Particles can go faster than light • In a given medium • Not in vacuum! • Effect similar to the sound barrier • Light shock-wave instead of sound shock-wave • Emission angle linked to the speed and the refraction index • Measuring the angle measures the speed • Light is focused by mirrors to form rings • Radius of ring depends on the angle DELPHI visits, PhC

  12. Calorimeters • Stop particles in heavy material • Instrument it to “count” the number of particles created in the “shower” • Energy proportional to number of particles • Lead absorber: electrons and photons • HPC: detection based on the TPC technique • Iron absorber: hadrons (i.e. all others except muons and neutrinos) • HCAL: detection based on streamer tubes DELPHI visits, PhC

  13. Solenoid • Superconducting solenoid • Cooled with liquid helium at 4.7 K • No power consumption • 5000 Amperes • Magnetic field: 1.2 T • Largest superconducting solenoid in the world DELPHI visits, PhC

  14. Useful infos • http://delphiwww.cern.ch/ • main DELPHI page • http://delphi-expo.web.cern.ch/DELPHI-Expo/VisitingDELPHI.html • Detailed description for guides • All links therein pointing to specific detector descriptions • Phone numbers • Gerant de site: 77801 or 160378 • TSO: Bernard Corajod 163350 • Ph.Charpentier: 74244 or 160167 • R.Jacobsson: 73619 or 163730 DELPHI visits, PhC

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