ISOM 2000

1. ISOM 2000 (the map standard and misinterpretations) László Zentai Map Commission http://lazarus.elte.hu/mc IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

2. Topics: • ISOM 2000 • Report on World Ranking Event maps 2001 • Sprint o-map specification IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

3. ISOM2000 – the mapping rule What is ISOM today? • Nearly perfect standard for Foot-O (and other disciplines). • A reliable basis for a fair competition. • A clear message to organizers on the expected standard. • A clear message to athletes on what to expect in order to prepare for competition. • A rule with wide agreement among competitors and IOF member federations. • In most countries it is used as a „Bible”. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

4. ISOM2000 – the mapping rule What can’t ISOM be? • It’s not a manual for teaching map making (use IOF Instructor's Kit). • It’s not a playground for experimentation. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

5. ISOM2000 – the scale issue 1 The scale for an orienteering map is 1:15 000. Terrain that cannot be fieldworked at a scale of 1:7500 and legibly presented at a scale of 1:15 000, is not suitable for international foot-orienteering. Maps at 1:10 000 may be produced for relay and short distance (plus medium) competitions. The scale 1:10 000 is recommended for older age groups (45 and above) where reading fine lines and small symbols may cause problems or for younger age groups (age classes 16 and below) where the capacity of reading complex maps is not fully developed. Where a map is enlarged to a scale of 1:10 000 or greater, all lines and symbols must be enlarged to 150% (like a blueprint). IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

6. ISOM2000 – the scale issue 2 The reasons for the decision to permit only scale 1:15000 in junior and elite competitions over the classic distance are the following disadvantages of maps at 1:10000: • Route choice problem: • Remote alternative routes are not recognised with a long leg between two controls. • Long leg overview problem: • For long legs over 2 km it is hardly possible to keep an overview of more than 25 cm on the map while running. • Map size problem: • Elite routes up to 20 km long require very large map formats, which can hardly be handled in the competition. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

7. ISOM2000 – the scale issue 3 The reasons for the decision to permit only scale 1:15000 in junior and elite competitions over the classic distance are the following disadvantages of maps at 1:10000: • Number of controls problem: • The general experience is that a course on a 1:10,000 map has significantly more controls than a course of the same length on the same map at 1:15,000. The course is thus more a long „short distance" event and route choice as an orienteering technique is often neglected. • Wildlife protection problem: • With a reasonable map size of up to A3 it is only possible to represent an area of 3.0 km x 4.2 km, i.e. about 12 km2 at a maximum. Such an area is generally too small to be able to permit designation of adequate wildlife protection areas. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

8. ISOM2000 – introduction These specifications (ISOM2000) should be read in conjunction with the rules for IOF orienteering events. For IOF events (WOC, JWOC, WMOC, WRE) deviations are permissible only with the sanction of the IOF Map Commission (IOF MC). For other events such sanction must be given by the national federation. In addition, there are supplementary specifications for other orienteering disciplines on the basis of the specification for foot orienteering maps. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

9. ISOM2000 – general requirements In the ideal case no competitor should gain an advantage or suffer a disadvantage because of faults on the map. For the mapmaker, the task is knowing which features to map and how to represent them. A continuing involvement in the sport is important for a basic understanding of the requirements for the orienteering map: its content, the need for accuracy, the level of detail and above all the need for legibility. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

10. Printing techniques Colour copiers, printers and other digital printing equipment are not yet suitable for printing orienteering maps for high level competitions. It is very difficult to achieve the line quality, legibility and colour appearance of traditional spot colour offset printed maps using this kind of equipment. It is expected that the continuing development of computer technology will lead to the possibility of using alternative printing methods with quality suitable for large competitions. Most printing devices use a 4-colour technique (CMYK). For such devices the same colour settings as recommended for 4-colour offset printing may be suitable, but the colour appearance will vary slightly from one device to another and from one paper quality to another. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

11. The Event Advisor is not necessarily an experienced o-mapper, but he/she must be capable to judge the map quality.The advisor must be able to make the mapping rules strictly kept to guarantee the fair competition for each runner.Think globally, not locally. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

12. The mapping process and the role of the IOF Event Advisor • In the ideal case the Advisor can influence some processes: • In connection with the mapping process: • choosing fair terrain (no advantage for local competitors); • choosing the mappers (international experience); • guarantee the map quality (national map controller). IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

13. The practice:Report on World Ranking Event maps 2001 IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

14. Statistics of the WRE 2001 • Number of events: 65(including WOC and Akita) • Classic events: 47 • Short: 13 • Sprint: 2 • Other (normal, long, medium): 3 • Number of organizing countries: 29 • Europe: 25 • Other: 4 (Australia, Canada, Japan, USA) • * - terminology based on previous elite events system according to IOF WRE site: sprint, short, classic. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

15. Distribution of European organizers IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

16. Misuse 1: the scale issue WREs to be organized according to the WOC rules. „Maps at 1:10 000 may be produced for relay and short distance competitions.” Classic events = 1:15000 scale Collected 37 maps of classic events: 1:10000 scale – 12 maps 1:15000 scale – 25 maps IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

17. Misuse 1: the scale issue 2 12 events used 1:10000 scale maps on classic events. 1:10000 scale maps are simply magnification (150%). Austria (contour lines are 0.1 mm instead of 0.21 mm) Belgium Canada (2days event on the same map) Croatia Denmark Estonia Great-Britain (contour line are 0.16 mm instead of 0.21 mm) Latvia Lithuania Sweden Ukraine Yugoslavia (contour line are 0.14 mm instead of 0.21 mm, point symbols were also smaller) IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

18. Misuse 2: the lack of index contours „102 Every fifth contour shall be drawn with a thicker line. „ Not used: Austria (1) – 1:15000/5m !!! Belgium (1) – 1:10000/2.5m (height difference is minimal) Canada (1) – 1:10000/2.5m (2 events) Denmark (1) – 1:15000/2.5m Estonia (2) – 1:15000/2.5m and 1:10000/2.5m Finland (6) – 1:15000/5m (3), 1:10000/5m (2), 1:5000 (1) Sweden (2) – 1:10000/2.5m and 1:10000/4m Ukraine (1) – 1:10000/2.5m (height difference is minimal) IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

19. Misuse 3: special signs WRE maps must follow ISOM2000, deviations are prohibited, any deviation is allowed only by the Map Commission and not the Event Advisor. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

20. Printing methods • Offset: 46 • 4 colours: 2 (AUT, UKR) • 4 colours-FM screen: 2 (DEN) • 5 colours: 24 • 6 colours (grey): 7 (AUS, FIN) • 6 colours (red): 5 • More: 6 (FIN WOC maps) • Other digital (laser): 4 (AUT, 2EST, ROM) • Inkjet (?): 3 (UKR, 2CAN) IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

21. Printing methods 2 „Other printing methods may be used, if colours and line width have the same quality as printing with spot colours (brown, black, green, yellow, blue).”(ISOM 2000) Alternative printing methods are not suitable for international events: for local events and for disciplines like MBO, ski-o and trail-o. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

22. An example of misuse 1 1:10000 for classic, wrong magnification, no index contours, wrong colours, wrong size of signs. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

23. An example of misuse 2 WOC 2001 Tampere, Classic distance Missing gaps of the path between controls 9-10 IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

24. International Specification for Sprint (Urban) Orienteering Maps Antecedents: • ISOM2000: only park orienteering – not rules, just guideline. • Leibnitz convention: IOF Congress, 2000. • Elite Event Group suggestion (yearly WOC, new structure: sprint is added) accepted in Tampere, 2001. The specification is still a proposal, but the Map Commission is working on it. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

25. The Map Commission is pressed to establish the specification for Sprint o-maps as soon as possible. • 2001 Tampere: sprint was an official discipline, but it was organized in a forest area. • 2002 Hungary, European Championships and World Cup Event. Sprint-o will be an official event: mixed area, but mostly forest. • 2003 Switzerland, WOC: urban area. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

26. Why is it problematic? • The integration of urban areas into the arena of orienteering sports causes some major problems from a cartographical point of view. • The urban terrain differs completely from the classicalforest terrain. Especially in the center of old downtowns, the degree of details can be much higher then in a forest. • The urban areas, generally paved areas, permit very high running speed. However, in urban area, they’re also many restrictions (forbidden or dangerous areas), which runners must take into consideration; • The short distances / sprint (2.5 to 4.0 km) permit the use of large scale within the range of 1:2000 - 1:5000. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

27. Why is it problematic (illustrations)? IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

28. The timeline of the process • Working Draft (Winter 2002) • CandidateRecommendation (Spring 2002), implementation into map project • Proposed Recommendation (Fall 2002) • Recommendation (February 2003) IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

29. The principles 1 Sprint Orienteering specification focuses on the matter to show passable or impassable and forbidden passages: • Private areas are forbidden to pass. • All impassable or uncrossable features (fences, walls, cliffs, etc.) are forbidden to pass as well. • Parts of buildings that are shown passable in a map, must be open during competition, as well as parts of buildings that are shown closed in a map, must be closed during competition. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

30. The principles 2 The following restrictions have to be mentioned in urban areas: • An International Sprint Orienteering event may not take place in the underground (e.g. cellars, underground buildings) or in buildings (indoor). Therefore, just the main level is shown on a map. • However, important underground passages (e.g. lighted tunnel, underpass), which are important for the runners must be shown in a map. • Traffic must be taken into consideration in urban areas. The organizers are responsible for the runner’s safety. They have to do everything, what is reasonable to prevent accidents (e.g. close roads or restrict traffic). If this is not possible, the chosen area is not suitable for sprint orienteering. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

31. The principles 3 The scale 1:4000 or 1:5000 can be used. Scale 1:4000 is recommended for old and/or narrow downtowns. According to the certain scale, the contour interval must be adopted. In general, the contour interval value should be 2 m for 1:4000 or 2.5 m for 1.5000. The minimum dimension of a features in a map is 2 x 2m in its projection. An object smaller than 2 x 2m can be shown if it’s very visible or high. IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

32. Samples 1 IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

33. Samples 2 IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

34. Samples 3 IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic

35. THE END Thank you for your attention László Zentai Map Commission http://lazarus.elte.hu/mc IOF Event Advisor’s Clinic April 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech Republic