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Paradox of the Cichlids outline of my PhD project

Paradox of the Cichlids outline of my PhD project. Thijs Janzen Supervisor: Rampal Etienne. Picture courtesy Jen Reynolds. Cichlids. The success of the cichlids. Pharyngeal jaw Mouthbrooding. Barlow 2000. Oliver 2010. The African Rift Lakes. Differences between the lakes. Lake Victoria.

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Paradox of the Cichlids outline of my PhD project

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  1. Paradox of the Cichlidsoutline of my PhD project Thijs Janzen Supervisor: Rampal Etienne Picture courtesy Jen Reynolds

  2. Cichlids

  3. The success of the cichlids • Pharyngeal jaw • Mouthbrooding Barlow 2000

  4. Oliver 2010

  5. The African Rift Lakes

  6. Differences between the lakes

  7. Lake Victoria Lake Tanganyika Lake Malawi

  8. Why should there be more? • Age • Water level • Bathymetry

  9. Waterlevel • Water level changes frequently • King Mwangonde (1820) Owen 1990, Barlow 2000, Salzburger 2002

  10. Why should there be more? • Age • Water level • Bathymetry

  11. Bathymetry Victoria Malawi Tanganyika Talling 1969, Scholz et al. 2007

  12. Water level Water level: 0 m

  13. Water level Water level: -100 m

  14. Water level Water level: -250 m

  15. Water level Water level: -300 m Water level -300 m

  16. Water level Water level: -400 m

  17. Water level Water level: -600 m

  18. Water level Water level: -1000 m

  19. Effects of water level changes • Decrease in lake size • Splitting in proto lakes • Merging of sub-populations after water level rise

  20. Summary of possible causes • Age • Water level • Bathymetry

  21. Research Questions • What external factors determine the differences in biodiversity between the African Rift Lakes? • How does biogeography influence biodiversity?

  22. Approach • Standard neutral model • Influence of environment size • Spatiality • Environmental change • Cyclic environment change • Splitting and merging of communities • Repeated splitting and merging

  23. ApproachTailored model • Check predictions with a tailored version • Correct size of lakes • Include explicit bathymetry • Remodel water level changes

  24. The end • Questions? • Suggestions?

  25. Conformism

  26. Local variability

  27. Picture courtesy Jen Reynolds

  28. Picture courtesy Jen Reynolds

  29. Other stuff to do • Time-scale difference between speciation and environmental change • Interaction between tectonic drift and biodiversity

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