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Monday 8/26

Monday 8/26. RAP Describe the accomplishments of the early civilizations in S. Asia and China. Who were the two early groups living in the Americas? Today: Review Ch. 1.3 and finish map Create civilizations based on your knowledge of early civilizations. Present to class.

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Monday 8/26

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  1. Monday 8/26 RAP • Describe the accomplishments of the early civilizations in S. Asia and China. • Who were the two early groups living in the Americas? Today: • Review Ch. 1.3 and finish map • Create civilizations based on your knowledge of early civilizations. • Present to class.

  2. Ch. 1.3 – Asia and the Americas • South Asia- East of Iran, present day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. • Indus River Valley • First South Asian civilization here around 2500 B.C.—1500 B.C. Historians have many theories of why it ended, some of which are floods, invaders, or other climate changes. • Harappa in present day Pakistan • Lack of written records make it difficult to learn much about them but archaeological evidence does show a sophisticated culture—well planned urban centers; clay pots, metallic vessels, jewelry, and cotton cloth. • Artifacts show they traded with the people of Mesopotamia as early as 2300 B.C. • Mohenjo–Daro near the Arabian Sea. • Aryans • Around 1500 BC Aryans came from NW of S. Asia, over the Hindu Kush mountain range and swept into the Indus River Valley. • Created an agricultural society. • Developed four social classes of varnas: • Dharma is a duty that each social class or varna had in society. • Priests or Brahmans were the most honored, then warriors, merchants, farmers and artisans. Followed by unskilled laborers and servants. • By 500 BC the varnas divided into smaller groups called jati. • Jati were based on occupations and they had rules for diet, marriage, and social customs. • These groups did not mix socially. • Outside of these groups were the untouchables or the pariahs. They did work that was considered unclean.

  3. Epic Literature • Aryans eventually developed a written form of their spoken language called Sanskrit. • One epic was the Mahabharata • Considered the world’s longest poem which tells the story of battles fought by two warrior families. • Another epic was Ramayana • This is tale describing the struggle between good and evil. • China • Because of the lack of outside contact, China has the oldest continuous civilization in the world. • Shang Dynasty • Located in NE China near the Huang He valley. • The first dynasty from written record is the Shang dynasty, ruling from about 1700 BC to 1000 BC. • Armies had bronze weapons and chariots conquered more distant territories and took over the Huang River valley. • Rulers were both political and religious leaders. • Some of their cultural achievements were characters representing objects, ideas, or sounds and written in vertical columns; exquisite bronze objects, ivory and jade statues, silk, and pottery; builders also constructed China’s first cities.

  4. China • Zhou Dynasty 1000 BC – 200 BC • A ruler in the Shang dynasty took over the dynasty and established a new dynasty, the Zhou. • Kings set up agricultural systems. • Many technological advances: they also built roads and expanded foreign trade; obtained horses and created a mounted cavalry; added a deadly weapon-the crossbow; system of picture writing which is the ancestor of modern Chinese; iron plows, irrigation systems and flood control systems were begun. • America • The first peoples in the Americas might have arrived over 40,000 years ago. • Some groups might have migrated over the land bridge, that today is the Bering Strait, from Asia to the Americas. • Others may have traveled by boat along the Pacific coast from northern Asia to the Americas. • Many dispersed throughout the Americas and adapted to their surroundings. • Hohokam • group that lived in present day SW U.S. around 300 BC – 1200 BC • They adapted to the desert by building irrigation to farm the land. • Grew beans, squash, and maize. • Olmec • This civilization flourished in the lowlands of eastern Mexico around 1500 BC to 400 BC • Some of their advancements were, ceremonial centers, hieroglyphic writing, and a calendar; jade carvings, figurines, and carved stone murals which leads scientists to believe religion was important; farmers also practiced a slash and burn farming. • The fertile ashes from slash and burn helped to grow maize and other produce. • They also traded with other parts of Mexico and Central America.

  5. Map of Civilizations with Timeline • Timeline will be below your map. • On your map you must have: • Shade civilizations from Ch. 1.2 and 1.3 • Label civilizations • Add symbols to show accomplishments • On your timeline you must have: • Dates of major civilizations. (look in your notes) • Egyptians 3000 b.c. – 332 b.c, Sumerians 3500 bc – 2000 bc, Israelites 1900 b.c, Persians 539 b.c - 332, Indus River Valley 2500 b.c -1500 b.c.and Aryans 1500 b.c., Shang Dynasty 1700 b.c.- 1000 b.c and Zhou Dynasty 1000 b.c. – 200 b.c., Hohokam 300 b.c.-1500 a.d and Olmec 1500 b.c. – 400 b.c. • Must be in 500 year increments.

  6. Create a Civilization • Groups of four • Must haves: • Create a poster and written paper explaining civilization. • Poster • Title • Map of location of civilization • Characteristics of a civilization. • Pictures – symbols—etc. • Everyone must have a say in civilization • Everyone must present to class.

  7. Characteristics of Civilization For a society to be considered civilized, it must have the following characteristics: • A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. • A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. • Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. • Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. • A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. • A religious system, which might include priests and temples. • Must haves: • Create a poster and written paper explaining civilization. • Poster • Title • Map of location of civilization • Characteristics of a civilization. • Pictures – symbols—etc.

  8. Monday 8/27/12 RAP List 4 characteristics needed to make a civilization. • A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. • A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. • Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. • Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. • A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. • A religious system, which might include priests and temples. • Must haves: Today: Finish civilizations; begin presentations

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