The Vikings and the English Language

1. The Vikings and the English Language

2. Why England? Scandanavia British Isles

3. Viking Influence on England The Danelaw

4. Viking Influence on Literature

5. Viking Influence on Language Viking Sounds • sk- as in skin, sky, skirt • hard g and k- as in grass, give, go, and kid, cart, castle • th- as in thought, both, the, this Viking Loanwords Nouns—bank, birth, egg, husband, leg, root, skin Adjectives—awkward, flat, happy, ill, loose, low, odd Verbs—nag, clip, crawl, cut, die, drown, gasp, give Pronouns—both, same, they, them, their

6. In Old England, Scandinavians were called “Vikings”They were also called “Danes,” and “Norsemen” or “Normans”

7. Viking influence on people Thought shall be the harder, the heart the keener, courage the greater, as our strength lessens. Here lies our leader all cut down, the valiant man in the dust; always may he mourn who now thinks to turn away from this warplay. I am old, I will not go away, but I plan to lie down by the side of my lord, by the man so dearly loved.”—Byrhtnoth, Battle of Maldon

8. The Battle of Maldon What do you want to know? http://www.battleofmaldon.org.uk/ Fought in 991AD when the Vikings raided the Essex coast. http://imaginationlane.net/backroads/?p=120

9. The First Ten Lines Then he ordered each of his warriors his horse to looseFar off to send it and forth to go,To be mindful of his hands and of his high heart. Then did Offa's Kinsman first knowThat the earl would not brook cowardice,Loosed he from his hands his darling to fly,His Hawk to the wood, and to the battle strode.From that one could tell that the chieftain would neverWeaken in the warfare - when he his weapons seized. brocenwurde. Het þahyssahwænehors forlætan, feorafysan, and forðgangan, hicgan to handumand to higegodum. þaþætOffanmægærestonfunde, þæt se eorlnoldeyrhðogeþolian, he let him þa of hand on leofnefleoganhafocwiðþæsholtes, and to þærehilde stop; be þam man mihteoncnawanþætse cnihtnolde