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Project Management

Project Management. Lecture Resource Analysis. Project planning Network analysis II. Project planning Resource analysis Risk management Quality Budgets and cost control Project teams. Plan. Introduction Project planning Gantt chart and WBS Project planning Network analysis I

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Project Management

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  1. Project Management LectureResource Analysis

  2. Project planning Network analysis II Project planning Resource analysis Risk management Quality Budgets and cost control Project teams Plan • Introduction • Project planning • Gantt chart and WBS • Project planning • Network analysis I • Project planning • Network analysis II • Project planning • Resource analysis • Risk management • Quality • Budgets and cost control • Project teams

  3. Why Network Diagrams? • Splits up the decision making process into • Method/logic - the order in which tasks have to be completed • Time – estimates for the time to completion can be added to each task • Resources – these can be added and then analysis carried out

  4. Resources • Resources may be: • Storable • Remains available if not used and is only depleted by usage • Examples? • Non-Storable • Availability has to be renewed for each time period • Examples?

  5. Loading • The assignment of work to an operator, machine or department • When too much work is required of a resource it is overloaded • If too little work is assigned to a resource it is underloaded • What are the implications if a resource is underloaded?

  6. Limits • Time limited projects – Projects where time is the overriding factor • They must be completed by a certain date • Resource limited projects – Limited resources are available to complete the project • Think about the relationship between time and resources in a project?

  7. Units of resource • It is desirable when possible to state the work required in units of time. (i.e. person/machine hours) • Example • To dig a hole 4m x 4m x 6m = 96m3 will take one person 12 hours. • So 96m3 = 12 person hours of digging • Or 1 person hour of digging = 8m3 • How long would it take 12 persons to dig the hole?

  8. Units of resource • Most tasks will NOT have a linear relationship between the units of resource employed and the activity duration • IS Team working factors? • Communication overhead? • Increased likelihood of sickness?

  9. Linear vs. non-linear relationship

  10. Exercise 1 – Resource Analysis

  11. Exercise 1 Draw a Gantt chart using earliest Start/Finish Times

  12. Resource analysis • Earliest Start Time

  13. Resource analysis • Earliest Start Time Now add the resource usage histogram

  14. Resource analysis • Earliest Start Time

  15. Exercise 1 Draw a Gantt chart using latest Start/Finish Times

  16. Resource analysis • Latest Start Time Now add the resource usage histogram

  17. Resource analysis • Latest Start Time

  18. Resource analysis • Latest Start Time • Earliest Start Time

  19. Different types of resource • It is likely that more than on type of resource is being consumed by a project • For three types of resource we need three histograms • (See example in Lockyer and Gordon)

  20. Resource Analysis • The same approach can be used to calculate the: • Cumulative Resource Requirements • Average Resource Requirements (using earliest start and latest start) See (Lockyer and Gordon, 1996)

  21. Levelling Resources • Resources can be levelled by: • Moving activities with float • Splitting up activities • Only really effective for those with float • Mooving activities with no float • Trade-off between extending project duration and reducing resource costs • Sometimes there is no choice

  22. Levelling Resources • After resource levelling the Activity Network must be reviewed • Some tasks will now have no usable float (due to resource constraints) • This can be indicated by using “dummy” activities such as “Waiting for programmer availability” • It is likely that more than on type of resource is being consumed by a task

  23. Project Effort Estimation • Need to know: • Usual efficiency of working • Sickness/absenteeism rate • Other existing commitments (e.g. other projects) • Additional tasks (e.g. routine maintenance) • Holidays • Constraints on Facilities (e.g. availability of labs) • Cost of and availability of overtime etc.

  24. Software Effort Estimation • Needs Historical Data • KLOC is not a good measure on its own • Complexity of the software can effect time taken for development • E.g. more efficient algorithms will take longer to design

  25. Laws of Estimation • Parkinson’s Law • “Work expands to fill the time available” • Brookes’ Law • “putting more people on a late job makes it later”

  26. Why Network Diagrams? • Splits up the decision making process into • Method/logic - the order in which tasks have to be completed • Time – estimates for the time to completion can be added to each task • Resources – these can be added and then analysis carried out

  27. Project planning Resource analysis Budgets and cost control Quality Risk management Project teams Plan • Introduction • Project planning • Gantt chart and WBS • Project planning • Network analysis I • Project planning • Network analysis II

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