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(Non-Color) Display Signal Processing

HPA Retreat February 22, 2006. (Non-Color) Display Signal Processing. Jed Deame General Manager, Teranex Jed@SiliconOptix.com. Why Fixed Pixel Displays in Professional Video?. Low cost replacement for CRT Large displays with small footprints Professional applications include:

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(Non-Color) Display Signal Processing

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  1. HPA Retreat February 22, 2006 (Non-Color) Display Signal Processing Jed Deame General Manager, Teranex Jed@SiliconOptix.com

  2. Why Fixed Pixel Displays in Professional Video? • Low cost replacement for CRT • Large displays with small footprints • Professional applications include: • Production Field monitoring • NLE monitoring • Color Grading • Broadcast/studio monitoring • D-Cinema projection • Etc…

  3. Performance Measurement Methodologies • There are many criteria involved in evaluating Fixed Pixel Displays, both static and dynamic • Static tests are useful for measuring the base performance of a display and it’s ability to reproduce still images • Dynamic tests are useful for measuring performance with real-world material • Performance driven by Display Signal Processing

  4. Why is dynamic performance is more important • The latest generation of fixed pixel displays have solved many of the static image problems of the past • Static performance driven primarily by display technology • CRT’s can handle interlaced signals, fixed pixel displays cannot • Biggest difference in display quality is seen when observing motion images • Noticeable display artifacts can occur with poor video processing

  5. Dynamic Processing Requirements • The dynamic performance of the display is driven by the performance of the internal video processor • Display processing is a very complex process - it’s more than just scaling • Must handle all types of material, maintaining full resolution • Auto detection of content type is critical • Key performance criteria are as follows…

  6. Key Performance Criteria in Evaluating Signal Processing Performance in Fixed Pixel Displays • Dynamic Tests • Horizontal and Vertical Resolution • Motion Adaptive De-interlacing • Directional Interpolation • Detail Processing • Noise Reduction • Film Mode Detection (Inverse 3:2) • Multi-Cadence Processing • Mixed Video/Film Handling

  7. 1. Horizontal and Vertical Resolution • Determines detail reproduction capability • Test Image: Pattern with alternating black/white horizontal and vertical lines • Pass Criteria: Clearly visible horizontal and vertical lines • Blurry lines implies poor scaling • Missing lines or flickering implies lack of any deinterlacing

  8. Horizontal andVertical Resolution Test Image Fail Pass Solid or Flickering Lines Visible

  9. 2. Motion Adaptive Deinterlacing • Requires sophisticated motion detection • Switch between “bob” and “weave” based on image motion • Decisions should be at pixel level • Test Image: Detailed text along with moving pattern • Pass Criteria: Clean text

  10. Motion Adaptive Deinterlacing Test Image Fail Pass

  11. 3. Directional Interpolation • Makes up for loss of resolution in moving objects • Interpolates along the diagonal edges to recover lost resolution • Test Image: Jaggies Test • Pass Criteria: All 3 lines are smooth • 1 or 2 smooth lines imply minimal directional interpolation • No smooth lines imply no directional filtering

  12. Directional Interpolation Test Image Fail Pass

  13. Directional Interpolation 2 • Test Image: Waving American Flag • Pass Criteria: Transition between red and white stripes smooth and free of jaggies

  14. Directional Interpolation 2 Test Image Fail Pass

  15. 4. Detail Enhancement • Brings out buried detail in image • Goal is to make upconverted SD approach the detail level of HD • Test Pattern: Natural high detail image • Pass Criteria: Detail visible in bridge, grass, statue

  16. Detail Enhancement Test Image Fail Pass

  17. 5. Noise Reduction • Noise is prevalent in most sources • Comes from camera noise, analog tape noise, transmission noise • Temporal NR more effective than Spatial • Motion Adaptivity imperative • Test Pattern: Moving Image w/Gaussian Noise • Pass Criteria: Mostly noise free image with no smearing artifacts

  18. Noise Reduction 1 Test Image Fail Pass

  19. Noise Reduction 2(Motion Adaptive) Test Image Fail Pass

  20. 6. Film Mode Detection (Inverse 3:2) • Video processors need to recognize 3:2 inserted at the telecine • If film mode is not properly detected, half resolution images will result • Test Image: Detailed Film scene • Pass Criteria: Clean image with no Moiré patterns • Moiré pattern is indicative of half resolution video processing of film content

  21. Film Mode Detection Test Image Fail Pass

  22. 7. Multi-Cadence Detection • There is much more than 3:2 out there… • 30fps film and PAL - 2:2 • DVCPro cadences - 2:3:3:2, 2:2:2:4 • Vari-Speed - 3:2:3:2:2 • Animation/Anime - 5:5, 6:4, 8:7 • Test Pattern: Detailed film rendered in above cadences • Pass Criteria: thin lines on coffee cup resolved and jaggy-free newspaper

  23. Multi-Cadence Detection Test Image Fail Pass

  24. 8. Mixed Video and Film Handling • Film sources require inverse 3:2 processing • Video sources require motion adaptive deinterlacing with directional interpolation • What do you do when you have both? • Test Pattern: Scrolling text over film • Pass Criteria: Detail in film and clean text

  25. Mixed Video and Film 1 Test Image Fail Pass

  26. Mixed Video and Film 2 Test Image Fail Pass

  27. Scoring System

  28. How can I get these test patterns? • HQV.com website • NTSC DVD today • PAL & HD soon • Discount Code: HPA

  29. Publications using the HQV Benchmark • Widescreen Review • Sound & Vision • Home Theater Magazine • NY Times • Film & Video • Audioholics.com • AV Review • The Perfect Vision • UltimateAV.com • Twice Magazine • Residential Systems Magazine • Digital TV Magazine • AVS Forum • Home Theater News Letter • HDTVexpert.com Available at: www.HQV.com

  30. What if I can’t find any displays with good dynamic performance?? • Consider an external video processor…

  31. Video Processors - Professional Broadcast & Post Pro A/V • Teranex Mini • SDI In • SDI Out • Soon: DVI, HDMI Out • Pro A/V Processor • (JVC, NEC, DPI) • Anything In • DVI, HDMI Out

  32. Summary • There are many criteria in evaluating Fixed Pixel Displays, both static and dynamic • Dynamic performance is driven by the capability of the internal video processor. • If the wrong processing decisions are made, half of the image detail will be lost • Thoroughly test all of these criteria before making a purchase decision • Seriously consider external display processors • Look for the HQV Logo to ensure the highest video processing quality

  33. HPA Retreat February 22, 2006 Questions??? Thank You! Jed Deame General Manager, Teranex Jed@SiliconOptix.com 407-517-1462

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