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Unit Twelve Acids and Bases

Unit Twelve Acids and Bases. Neutralizations. Are reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water General Equation: HX (aq ) + MOH (aq) → MX (aq) + H 2 O (l) (or: H—OH) Complete Ionic Equation:

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Unit Twelve Acids and Bases

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  1. Unit TwelveAcids and Bases

  2. Neutralizations • Are reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water • General Equation: HX(aq) + MOH(aq) → MX(aq) + H2O(l) (or: H—OH) • Complete Ionic Equation: H+(aq) + X-(aq) + M+(aq) + OH-(aq) → M+(aq) + X-(aq) + H2O(l) • Net Ionic Equation: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)

  3. Neutralization Practice • HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → • _____________________→ K2SO4(aq) + ________ • HNO3(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) 2 H2O(l) 2 2H2O(l) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)

  4. Titration - An experimental technique for determining the concentration of an unknown acid/base by comparing it to an acid/base solution of known concentration • How is this done? • By gradually adding and carefully measuring the amount of acid added to a measured amount of base (or vice versa) until the endpoint is reached • What is an endpoint? • The point in the titration when the number of moles of OH- added equals the number of moles of H+ originally in solution • How do we know when the endpoint is reached? • The endpoint is usually signaled by an indicator

  5. Indicators • A dye whose color depends on the pH of the solution • There are many different indicators to indicate different ranges of pH • Phenolphthalein turns from clear (when acidic) to pink (when basic)

  6. Practice Problems • 100.0 mL of an unknown acid is neutralized by 75.0 mL of 3.0 M NaOH. What is the concentration of the unknown acid? • During a titration experiment, 0.250 L of 0.200 M NaOH was needed to completely neutralize 1.00 L of an HCl solution. What was the molarity of the original HCl solution? • In another titration experiment, 30.0 mL of 0.150 M KOH is needed to neutralize 50.0 mL of a fresh HNO3 solution. What was the concentration of the nitric acid?

  7. 10 - 14 6 – 7.6

  8. Worksheet Three is due Friday • Tomorrow there will be an opportunity to retake the Unit Eleven test if you choose. You need to let me know by the end of the day (3-14)

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