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Military Expeditions to the West

Military Expeditions to the West. Unit 3: Formative Years, 1783-1812. Shorthand List. US = United States GB = Great Britain FR = France NA = Native Americans Fed. = federal government Gov’t = government. Directions: N = North E = East S = South W = West. Military Realities.

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Military Expeditions to the West

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  1. Military Expeditions to the West Unit 3: Formative Years, 1783-1812

  2. Shorthand List • US = United States • GB = Great Britain • FR = France • NA = Native Americans • Fed. = federal government • Gov’t = government Directions: • N = North • E = East • S = South • W = West

  3. Military Realities • Standing army and militias drastically understrength • Little threat from foreign military • Britain (GB) hoped to curb U.S. expansion • State rivalries made establishment of a federal army difficult • Little fed. regulation of militia • Fed. plagued with financial problems • Americans reluctant to serve

  4. Indian Expeditions- Background • NAs resisted expansion with help of British arms and presence in the NW • Settlers demand protection after passing of Northwest Ordinance (1787) • Early expeditions ended in failure and high casualties

  5. Indian Expeditions- Fed. Response • 1793- Washington creates Northwest Legion • Battle near Cincinnati River at Fort Miami • Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) • American victory removed NAs from most of Ohio • British finally evacuate northern forts “Mad” Anthony Wayne Blue Jacket- leader of Shawnee forces

  6. Defense under Jefferson, 1801-1809

  7. Jefferson’s Policies • Jefferson and Congress begin to economize • Reduced size of Army and Navy • Coastal fortifications • Expeditions to understand Western lands

  8. Westward Expansion

  9. Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Fearful of FR presence in US • Spain prevents US from trading with Louisiana using the Mississippi River • Jefferson appeals to new FR leader, Napoleon • FR agrees to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million • US now double the size • Small garrisons stationed at New Orleans

  10. Louis and Clark Expedition Why was the army chosen to conduct the expedition? • Congress turns to army for exploration of west • Meriwether Lewis chosen to head expedition • Picks William Clark as co-captain • 48 men accompanied the two • 70% of men were soldiers • Referred to as “Corps of Volunteers for North Western Discovery” Meriwether Lewis William Clark

  11. Louis and Clark Expedition • Goals of the expedition: • Identify important plants and animals • Locate source of Missouri River • Assist American traders and farmers • Locate single route from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean

  12. Fruits of the Expedition • Other expeditions held by Captain Pike • Expedition stopped by Spanish (owned territory) • Increased tensions with Spanish • Neutral territory created between Arroyo Hondo and the Sabine River • Both expeditions provided valuable knowledge of terrain, climate, fauna, and peaceful commerce with NA tribes

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