Peer and self-assessment

Peer and self-assessment Using the mark schemes I have emailed you, assess your neighbour's work as best you can. As there are several answers, I suggest you choose the one that you found the hardest to complete. If you finish this then you can move on to another. 7 minutes. Once you have your work back – write 2 things you did well and 1 you could improve upon. Hand in to me for marking! Why do it?

Starter task: Read the front of your envelope and position yourself in the room accordingly. Do not talk at all!!!! ABNORMAL NORMAL

What justifications did you use? Starter task: Now, open the envelope, take out what is inside and decide if you will stay or move. Do not talk at all!!!! ABNORMAL NORMAL

Think, pair, share: Think for 1 minute alone Pair up and discuss with a partner for 2 minutes Share with the class Q. What does this task tell us about the definition of abnormality or ‘madness’? Ex: How do you think this links to the diagnosis of mental disorder?

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) • Since the early C20th categorising mental illness has been looked at in the same way as categorising physical illnesses. • That way is to group together characteristics of illnesses and put them in categories. This is known of as the medical model. • The idea is that once the illness is identified it can then be treated. • The first comprehensive system for identifying psychological disorders was created in 1896 by Emil Kraeplin. • Psychologists and doctors use the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to help them identify and categorise symptoms. CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) • Schizophrenia is one mental condition where the symptoms have been categorised. • What are the symptoms of schizophrenia? Some examples: • Hallucinations • Delusions • Alogia • Avolition • Disordered Speech • Loosely Associated Speech (‘Word Salad’) • Catatonia • Experiences of control • Thought broadcasting CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

Advantages of using a classification system: 1. 2. 3.

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) Advantages of using a classification system: • Should increase reliability of diagnosis as all diagnosticians are using the same criteria. 2. May lead to the best treatment outcome for the patient. 3.Psychiatrists may easily match symptoms to criteria to efficiently diagnose patients. CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) Disadvantages of using a classification system: CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) Disadvantages of using a classification system: • Labels may lead to patients being ostracised from society/find it difficult to get a job. 2. Patients who do not fit diagnostic criteria may not be treated appropriately. Boundaries can seem arbitrary. 3.Social and cultural factors may lead to biases in diagnosis. CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) What was Rosenhan interested in? • Rosenhanbelieved that the diagnostic system was flawed in the sense that correct diagnosis was not always made. • Using psychological terms, we say that he was concerned about the reliability and validity of psychiatric diagnosis. • He believed that just using the medical model- where there was a strict set of guidelines to identify disorders- could lead to mistakes in diagnosis. • He was also concerned that diagnosis was dependent on context. In other words behaviours would be described as abnormal because that was what was expected in a psychiatric setting CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) What was Rosenhan interested in? • He believed that what is viewed as normal and abnormal varies from culture to culture • He was not suggesting that odd and deviant behaviour and the distress it bring to those around them does not exist. CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

APPROACH: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES STUDY: ROSENHAN (1973) What was Rosenhan interested in? The main aim was to test whether the classification system that determined whether someone was sane or insane was reliable. Can sane individuals be diagnosed as insane and admitted to hospital? A secondary aim was see whether or not it is the characteristics of the patients that lead to diagnosis or the context itself. i.e. once on the ward, will all behaviour be judged as abnormal, regardless? CORE STUDY:ROSENHAN (1973)‘ON BEING SANE IN INSANE PLACES’ • TO UNDERSTAND THE BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT TO ROSENHAN’S STUDY • TO CRITICALLY CONSIDER DEFINITIONS OF ABNORMALITY • TO ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE DEFINITIONS

Homework • APRC Rosenhan’s study • I can send a template if you’d like • Aims • Procedure (method, sample, design) • Results • Conclusions

Defence mechanism Reliability Generalisability Splat!!! Case Study Rorschach Multiple Personality Validity Introvert Schizophrenia

Peer and self-assessment