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Immigration:

Immigration:. Coming to America 1820-1914. The New Colossus

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Immigration:

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  1. Immigration: Coming to America 1820-1914

  2. The New Colossus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flameIs the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes commandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. “Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries sheWith silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" Emma Lazarus, 1883

  3. End of Civil War to World War I 1865 - 1914 Over 25 Million Immigrants came to US. WHY?

  4. Push Factors Conditions that drive people from their homes or homeland.

  5. Pull Factors Conditions that attract immigrants to a new country.

  6. Push Factors for Immigration Pull Factors for Immigration • Famine (Ireland) • War/Revolution • Religious Persecution (pogroms against Russian Jews) • Political Persecution • Scarce Land • Farm jobs lost to invention of new machines • Poverty (no hope of improving standard of living) • Promise of freedom and equality under the law • Economic Opportunity (raise standard of living) • Jobs available (factories) • Friends or family have already settled in America

  7. "Golden Door" 70 % of all immigrants came through New York City at...

  8. Ellis Island, NY

  9. Arrival: into the Great Hall…

  10. 1892-1954 was headquarters of U.S. immigration. • At least 16 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island

  11. Italians wait their turn…

  12. All immigrants riding in “steerage” had to pass through inspection at Ellis Island: medical exam and then interview

  13. Chalk marks used to single out immigrants with medical problems: Back

  14. If all their papers were in order, and they passed the medical exams, the typical time through Ellis Island was 3-5 hours

  15. Passed through and waiting to depart for New York…

  16. Who came to America?

  17. “Old vs New” Immigrants OLD NEW

  18. First Wave (Old): 1820-1880 • Irish • English • Scottish • German “Old Immigrants” from Northern & Western Europe

  19. Italy Poland Austrians Hungarians Russia Ukraine Norway Sweden Denmark Greece Czechs Slovaks Second Wave (New): 1880-1914 “New Immigrants” from Eastern & Southern Europe

  20. Causes of rapid growth of UScities in late 1800s… • Immigrants • Americans moving to cities (as frontier closed) • African Americans (prejudice, hard times)

  21. Rapid growth of cities in US leads to: • Poor Living Conditions (tenement slums) • Ethnic Neighborhoods

  22. Nativists: • Opposed immigration. Wanted to preserve America for native-born, white protestants. • Saw foreigners as threat (job competition)

  23. Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882 – act passed to limit number of immigrants from China.

  24. Assimilation: the process of blending into society by adopting the dominant culture. Acculturation: learning and adapting new ways while still hanging on to old traditions. America becomes a “melting pot” of immigrant cultures.

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