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Liquids and Solids

Liquids and Solids. Liquids. Definite volume Fluidity – able to flow Relative high density Relative incompressibility Dissolving ability Ability to diffuse Tendency to evaporate and boil Tendency to solidify. Solids. 2 types of solids Crystalline solid (crystal)

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Liquids and Solids

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  1. Liquids and Solids

  2. Liquids • Definite volume • Fluidity – able to flow • Relative high density • Relative incompressibility • Dissolving ability • Ability to diffuse • Tendency to evaporate and boil • Tendency to solidify

  3. Solids • 2 types of solids • Crystalline solid (crystal) • Arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern • Amorphous solid (without form) • Arranged randomly – no pattern

  4. Properties of solids • Definite shape • Definite volume • Nonfluidity • Definite melting point • High density • Incompressibility

  5. Crystalline solids • The total 3-dimensional array of points that describe the arrangement of particles in a crystal is called a crystal lattice. 1 repeating piece is a unit cell

  6. Phase Diagram (Freezing Points) Liquid 1 Pressure (atm) (Boiling Points) Solid . Gas (Triple Point) 0 100 Temperature (oC)

  7. Mixtures • 3 Types of mixtures • 1. Solution • Soluble – will dissolve • Forms a homogeneous mixture • Very small particles • 2 Parts of a solution • Solute – stuff that dissolves • Solvent – stuff that the solute dissolves in

  8. Types of solutions

  9. 2. Suspensions • Heterogeneous mixture that settles • Large particles • Muddy water, italian salad dressing • (anything that must be shaken)

  10. 3. Colloids • Intermediate sized particles • Particles disperse • 2 parts of a colloid • Tyndall Effect • Seeing a beam of light • (separates colloid from solution)

  11. Examples of Colloids • ColloidPhase • Gel solid dispersed in liquid • Liquid emulsion liquid dispersed in liquid • Foam gas dispersed in liquid • Smoke solid dispersed in gas • Fog liquid dispersed in gas • Smog solid & liquid dispersed in gas

  12. 3 types of mixtures • Solutions • Homogeneous • Very small particles • Does not separate • No light scattering • Colloids • Homogeneous • Intermediate sized • Does not separate • Tyndall effect • Suspensions • Heterogeneous • Large particles • Separates • No Tyndall effect

  13. The solution process • Increasing the Rate of dissolving • 1. Increase the surface area of solute • 2. Agitating the solution • 3. Heating the solvent

  14. Types of solutions • Electrolyte • A solution that has ions in it and can conduct electricity • Saturated solution • Contains the maximum amount of solute • Unsaturated solution • Contains less than the maximum amount of solute • Supersaturated solution • Contains more than the maximum amount of solute • (Rock candy, crystals)

  15. Factors affecting solubility • 1.Types of solvents and solutes • Like dissolves like • Refers to polarity • Water is a polar molecule • Oil is a nonpolar molecule • If they are the same polarity, the compounds are miscible (mixable) - salt in water, vinegar in water • If they are not soluble, they are immiscible (not mixable) - oil in water, salt in oil

  16. 2.Pressure • Under pressure a gas will enter and dissolve in a liquid • fizz in a bottle of pop • If pressure is released, the liquid can’t hold as much gas • Effervescence • 3. Temperature • Warmer liquids hold less gas • Burp more from warm pop

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