Glen Harris – Extension Agronomist Environmental Soils & Fertilizers

1. Glen Harris – Extension Agronomist Environmental Soils & Fertilizers 1994-2000 (aka “The Good ‘ol Days”) 100 % Extension 2, 100% Soil Fertility Researchers in Tifton 2, 100 % Soils Extension Specialists in Athens Travel Money and Lottery Money Program Emphasis: Basic Soil Fertility Cotton Poultry Litter Conservation Tillage

2. 2000 – 2010 Timeline* 2001 – Chair, Southern Soil Fertility Conference 2002 - US-AID Peanut CRSP Guyana 2003 - Study Leave, CSIRO Australia - Charter Class, UGA Tifton, Soils & Hydrology - Chair, Soil and Plant Nutrition Conference at Cotton Beltwide 2004 - Urease Inhibitors - “Winter Meetings” in Guyana 2005 – Chair, ASA A-4 Extension Education - College Conservation Tillage Task Force 2007 - 2008 – China 2009 - 2010 – Calcium on Peanut and Potassium on Cotton * Lost 2 Soil Researchers, 2 Soil Extension Specialists, Soil Test Calibration Position and Soils & Hydrology Teaching Partner

3. Extension Program “Traditional” Basic Soils Cotton Peanut New “Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers” Cotton Team and Peanut Team County Meetings Agent Trainings Invited Lectures Bulletins, Newsletters, Production Guides Phone Calls, Emails, Field Days, Troubleshoots Applied Research Program Educational Advisor – Georgia Plant Food Educational Society

4. Teaching

6. The Increasing Importance of Potassium Fertilization Glen Harris – UGA Tifton

7. Fertilizer Prices (cents/lb)

8. Potassium Deficiency

9. Stemphylium and Potassium Deficiency Cercospora Altenaria

10. Boll Production Compared to DP 555 BG/RR (1st Position) – Guy Collins/Jared Whittaker

11. DP 0935 Soil Test K = 46 (low) Recommended K2O = 135 DP 0949 Soil Test K = 46 (low) Recommended K2O = 135 DP 555 Soil Test K = 106 (med) Recommended K2O = 90

12. K Rate on Cotton – Sunbelt Expo 2009 DP 0935 Lbs lint/a (STK = 46 Rec= 135 ) 42 418 301 442

13. Foliar K

14. Calcium Requirement for Large-Seeded Runner Peanuts Glen Harris – UGA, Tifton

15. Ca++ Ca++ Ca++ Ca++

16. Current Recommendations Runner: 500 lb Ca/a – if not, 1000 lb/a gypsum Large-Seeded Runners: 750 lb Ca/a – if not 1500 lb/a gypsum ? Virginias: Automatic – 2000 lb/a gypsum

17. Calcium (Gypsum) Rate Ponder Farm (Tifton, GA) – 2009 Pegging Zone Ca – 450 lb/a Yields (lb/a)

18. Effect of Gypsum on Peanut Germination and Calcium in the Seed Glen Harris and John Beasley UGA- Tifton

19. Calcium (ppm) Content and Seed GerminationRate Studies (5 Locations) 2009 N=184

20. “Enhanced Efficiency (EE)” Fertilizers New Term Coined by The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) “…products that minimize the potential of nutrient loss to the environment.” • Slow/Controlled Release • Absorbed • Coated • Occluded • Reacted CoRoN Stabilized/Additive Urease Inhibitors Nitrification Inhibitors Stabilizers Humates Nutrisphere – N (?) Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO)

21. Understanding Current Fertilizer Alternatives Glen Harris University of Georgia - Tifton

22. Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers For Cotton in the Southeast Glen Harris UGA - Tifton Nutrisphere -N

23. Fertilizer additive that inhibits degradation ofurea by urease (NBPT) “Agrotain Plus” (for UAN liquids) – also includes a nitrification inhibitor (DCD) Does not affect microbes (or other soil organisms) directly Reduces loss of surface applied urea-N to volatilization (up to 14 days under drying conditions) and reduces nitrate leaching

24. Specialty Fertilizer Products through Southern States Polymer “Nutrisphere” technology Active Ingredient = “40 % maleic-itaconic co-polymer” Claims Urease + Nitrification Inhibition Mode of action = “shields” N from Nickel for urease and from microbes for nitrification (documented ?)

25. Materials and Methods Volatilization • Closed Chambers • 6 inch diameter PVC with cap • Acid Trap analyzed for NH4-N after 7 days • Treatments: • Solids: Urea, NSN, Agrotain • Liquids: UAN, NSN, Agrotain Plus • UTC

34. N Volatilization – Cotton, 3 Location Average NH4 mg/L

41. Questions ?