Jefferson easily retained the presidency in 1804

1. Jefferson easily retained the presidency in 1804 • 162 electoral votes to 14 by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney • Second term not easy • escalating tensions between United States and France and Britain • At war with each other, F and GB warned US not to ship arms to the other • Britain acts in 1806 • Stops U.S. ships to inspect cargoes and seizing suspected deserters from the British navy • along with many Americans

2. In June 1807American ship Chesapeake • harboring some British deserters • ordered to stop by British frigate Leopard • Chesapeake refused Leopard opened fire • killing three Americans • right at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay • well within U.S. territory  

3. Congress passed Embargo Act of 1807 • bans all importation of British goods into the country • Act of 1807 was a disaster • In New England heart of the shipping industry • unemployment rose • Grain plummeted in value • river traffic halted • tobacco rotted in the South, and cotton went unpicked. • Protest petitions flooded Washington • Federalist Party, fading away after its weak showing in the election of 1804, began to revive.

4. mid-1808, Jefferson indicated that he would not run for a third term. • James Madison elected • Madison continued Jefferson's policy of economic pressure on Britain and France with a modified embargo  • Impressments and other problems continue - leads to war

5. I will hand Portfolio II back today • Portfolio III due in no Later than • 5:00 pm May 13th in my office • Can be handed in before that date • Papers are about 3rd in the grading pile at the moment

6. Balitmore • Land and Sea • Land attack repulsed • Ross killed • Fort McHenry • Massive bombardment • Francis Scott Key

7. The Hartford Convention • New England congressmen had voted against going to war • British continue to trade with New England • Federalists called Hartford Convention, 1814 • Federalist New England secession • Hartford Convention demands drowned out by end of war and New Orleans victory

8. New Orleans • Jefferson New Orleans America “Achilles heel” • 40% American trade • Andrew Jackson • Peace declared Dec 24 1814 • Battle new Orleans Jan 8 • Independence began July 4th 1776 completed Jan 8th 1815

9. Conclusion • Jefferson’s yeoman farmer dream shattered • Republican congress - headed towards a market society and capitalist democracy • Young country confident and forward looking • But with problems…

10. The Transportation Revolution • After 1815: dramatic improvements in transportation: • Roads • Steamboats • Canals • Railroads • Tied communities together • Made a market society physically possible

11. Improvements: Canals and Railroads • Erie Canal • Hudson River – Lake Erie • Completed 1825 • Model for canal boom across country • Baltimore and Ohio Railroad • New York Central • 1820 – 40, 3000 miles • 1840 – 60, 57,000 miles

12. Robert Fulton’s Clermont plies the Hudson River The Brooklyn ferry, 1839

13. Erie Canal at Lockport, New York The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad’s DeWitt Clinton began service in 1831

14. Railroads in the United States, 1840 and 1860

15. Time and Money • Freight costs went down • 1815 -60 95% drop • Speeds improved • Market revolution • Foreign trade continued to expand • Growing internal domestic market

16. Time required to travel from New York City, 1800 and 1830

17. Immigration

18. From one boat to many • Post revolutionary war immigration had slowed to a trickle • But as the new century began the immigration rocketed

19. U.S. population and territory, 1790-1840 • 1790: pop. 3.9 million, in 13 states • 1800: pop. 5.3 m. 16 states • 1810: 7.2 m. 17 • 1820: 9.6 m. 23 • 1830: 12.9 m. 24 • 1840: 17.1 m. 26 • land area (sq. mi.): 17900.86; 1840 1.75

20. One immigrant who came across • Was Samuel Slater • Arrived in 1789 • Tied together new population and new technology • Known by Andrew Jackson as • “Father of American Manufactures” • In my home town as “Slater the traitor”