INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN PLURAL SOCIETIES

1. INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN PLURAL SOCIETIES PSYC 338

2. How much do you agree or disagree that: • It is a good thing for any society to be made up of people from different races religions and cultures. • Immigrants should give up their original culture for the sake of adopting New Zealand culture. • Immigrants should maintain their original culture as long as they do not mix it with NZ culture. • Immigrants should maintain their original culture while also adopting NZ culture.

3. LECTURE OUTLINE • Overview and theoretical frameworks • Social Psychology • Cross-cultural Psychology • Ethnocentrism • Stereotypes • Attributions • Similarity-attraction and cultural distance • Threat • Integrated Threat Theory (Stephan) • Instrumental model of group conflict (Esses) • Contact

4. LECTURE OUTLINE (cont) • Model of Attitudes toward Immigrants in New Zealand • Multicultural Ideology • Acculturation Expectations • Multiculturalism and Biculturalism in New Zealand • Common Ingroup Identity • Conclusions

6. Ethnocentrism • Stereotypes • Attributions • Similarity-attractiveness

7. Perceptions of Migrant Groups In New Zealand

8. THREAT THEORIES • Integrated Threat Theory (Stephan) • Realistic threat • Symbolic threat • Intergroup Anxiety • Stereotypes

9. THREAT THEORIES • Instrumental Model of Group Conflict (Esses) • Resource stress • Salient Outgroup • Intergroup Competition • Zero sum beliefs • Fear and anxiety • Outcomes • Avoidance • Discrimination

10. REALISTIC THREAT % of agreement • Immigrants take jobs away from Nzers. 27% • Immigrants bring diseases into NZ that not would not otherwise be here. 24% N = 500

11. ZERO SUM BELIEFS % agreement • Allowing immigrant cultures to thrive means that NZ culture is weakened. 23% • The more political power immigrants obtain, the more difficult it is for Nzers already living here. 29% N = 500

12. MAORI AND PAKEHA PERCEPTIONS OF THREAT (% of agreement) Maori Pakeha More jobs for immigrants means 61 29 fewer jobs for Nzers. When immigrants promote their own values, it is at the expense of NZ values. 59 25 Note: N = 500

13. An integrated model of attitudes toward immigrants in New Zealand (Ward & Masgoret, in press)

14. MULTICULTURAL IDEOLOGY IN NEW ZEALAND

15. It is a good thing for any society to be made up of people from different races religions and cultures.

16. ACCULTURATION EXPECTATIONS • Integration • Assimilation • Separation (Segregation) • Marginalization (Exclusion)

17. ACCULTURATION EXPECTATIONS: NATIONAL SAMPLE(% of agreement) • Immigrants should give up their original culture for the sake of adopting New Zealand culture. 21% • Immigrants should maintain their original culture as long as they do not mix it with NZ culture. 28% • Immigrants should maintain their original culture while also adopting NZ culture. 82%

18. ADOLESCENTS’ ACCULTURATION PREFERENCES AND EXPECTATIONS

19. NATIONAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITY

20. ACCULTURATION PREFERENCES AND EXPECTATIONS: MAORI AND NZE

21. MULTICULTURALISM AND BICULTURALISM

22. BICULTURALISM

23. MULTICULTURALISM

24. IMPLICATIONS OF MULTICULTURALISM • Hyphenated, common ingroup identity • Better adaptation of culturally diverse groups groups • Better intergroup relations

25. CONCLUDING COMMENTS • NZers have a strong multicultural ideology • Both migrants and members of the receiving community favor integration • Biculturalism and multiculturalism are not seen as mutually exclusive

26. OUR CHALLENGE TO ENSURE THAT • All ethnic groups in New Zealand feel secure about their cultural identity and heritage • All ethnic groups are able to participate fully and equally in New Zealand society • The status of Maori as partners in the Treaty of Waitangi is protected as New Zealand evolves into a multicultural society

27. Additional References • Lynskey, M. T., Ward, C., & Fletcher, G. J. O. (1991). Stereotypes and intergroup attributions in New Zealand. Psychology ad Developing Societies, 3 (1), 113-126. • Ward, C., & Lin, E.-Y. (2005). Immigration, acculturation and national identity in New Zealand. In J. Liu, T. McCreanor, T. McIntosh & T. Teaiwa (Eds). New Zealand identities: Departures and destinations. (pp.155-173). Wellington: Victoria University Press.