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Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles. Cell Membrane. Forms a protective barrier around the cell Made of a double layer of lipids Called phospholipids The head of the phospholipid is attracted to water, but the tail is repelled by water. Diffusion.

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles

  2. Cell Membrane • Forms a protective barrier around the cell • Made of a double layer of lipids • Called phospholipids • The head of the phospholipid is attracted to water, but the tail is repelled by water.

  3. Diffusion • Diffusion depends on the concentration of substances on either side of the phospholipids. Molecules of substances can move through the double layer in order to achieve a balance of concentrations.

  4. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance • Contains nutrients for the cell and provides a place for chemical reactions to take place

  5. Nucleus • Control centre • Contains the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in the form of chromatin

  6. Vacuoles and Vesicles • Store food, water, and waste • Help to transport substances throughout the cell

  7. Mitochondria • Reactions occur in this organelle that provide energy for the cell

  8. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes used to breakdown dead or damaged parts of the cell

  9. Golgi Apparatus • Modify, sort, and package protein to deliver both in and out of the cell • Looks like a stack of flattened membranes

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Interconnected small tubes that transport materials • RER help to make proteins with the ribosomes that are attached to it • SER help in the production of fats and oils. It does not have any ribosomes attached to it.

  11. Cell Wall • Made of cellulose • Provides strength and structure

  12. Chloroplasts • Found only in plants cells, algae and some bacteria • Special structures that convert energy from the sun into food • Thylakoids are sacs that collect the solar energy • Thylakoids are stacked together to form granum • The granum are surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma

  13. Differences between Plant and Animal Cells • Cell walls and chloroplasts are only found in plant cells. However, there are other differences between plant and animal cells: • Plant cells contain a specialized chemical compound called • chlorophyll, a pigment that makes photosynthesis possible. • Plant cells have a large central vacuole. Vacuoles in animal cells tend to be small • Some plant cells store energy in the form of starch or oils, such as cornstarch and canola oil. Animal cells store energy in the form of glycogen, a carbohydrate, or as lipids in the form of fats. • Animal cells have centrioles, which are paired structures that are involved in cell division. Plant cells do not have centrioles.

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