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Corn 2007

Corn 2007. Ouachita Fertilizer Boyce. Ouachita Commitment to you. Increase yields Lower costs Help solve those production problems that limit profitability. Delta Smart Systems. The basis for our Crop Programs Corn Cotton Sorghum Soybeans Sugarcane Wheat. Delta Smart Systems.

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Corn 2007

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  1. Corn 2007 Ouachita FertilizerBoyce

  2. Ouachita Commitment to you • Increase yields • Lower costs • Help solve those production problems that limit profitability

  3. Delta Smart Systems • The basis for our Crop Programs • Corn • Cotton • Sorghum • Soybeans • Sugarcane • Wheat

  4. Delta Smart Systems • A system to improve grower profits • High Q™ • Weather station data • Plant tissue and soil samples • Field observations

  5. High Q™ • A precise data-gathering system • Identifies limiting factors • Helps avoid repeated mistakes: continuous improvement

  6. OFC Weather Stations • Mer Rouge • Winnsboro • Moreauville • Natchitoches • New Iberia

  7. OFC Weather Stations • Exclusive to OFC; our stations • Use to track degree days, irrigation scheduling and pest outbreaks • Understand how weather impacts crop yields; historical reference

  8. Plant Tissue And Soil Samples • Unique data base; available only through OFC • Solve problems & lowers costs • OFC extensive inventory can provide plant food needed to correct in-season problems

  9. Field Observations in 2006 • Six OFC salesmen • Field-tested 18 new products to see if there is a fit for our growers (several to increase N efficiency to use less) • Pulled 71 corn plant tissue samples to check plant food balance • Sent seven samples to check for disease

  10. Corn 2006 DSS Summary • 8,235 acres • 182 fields • 29 corn hybrids • Avg. yield 152 bu/acre (state yield 140 bu/acre)

  11. DSS for Corn 2004 to 2006 • DSS for Corn 2004 to 2006 • 20,977 acres enrolled • 437 different fields • 56 commercial corn hybrids evaluated

  12. Corn Acres in Louisiana We have been here before: aflatoxin hits hard

  13. Opportunity for Corn Profits We have been here before: aflatoxin hits corn hard

  14. How do We Capture Profits? Based on DSS: • Planting Date • Hybrid Selection • Fertilizers • Planting Operations Avoid Aflatoxin

  15. Planting Date: Based on DSS • Optimum PD ranged from 3/10 to 3/21 in three years • Plant when 5 day forecast shows DD accumulation greater than: • 60 for low seedling vigor hybrids • 40 for high seedling vigor hybrids

  16. Natchitoches Planting Dates Circle shows highest yields

  17. Corn Planting Dates Too hot for corn; losing moisture @ .25”/day Highest yields in 2006 came from corn pollinating during this period Corn should be pollinated prior to daily tempts averaging 750 (about May 25); hybrids range from 1300 to 1500 GDU from planting to pollination

  18. Planting Date Summary • Plant as quick and as early as we can • Get plants off to a fast start • Try to be finished pollination by May 25

  19. How do We Increase Profits? Based on DSS: • Planting Date • Hybrid Selection • Fertilizers • Planting Operations

  20. Hybrid Selection in 2006

  21. Hybrid Selection in 2005

  22. Hybrid Selection in 2004

  23. Hybrid Selection to Reduce Aflatoxin • Use Bt where possible • Select hybrids for: • hard kernels • complete shuck coverage • good drought tolerance • full-season (>115 days) maturity but with early pollination window (1300 to 1350 GDUs)

  24. How do We Increase Profits? Based on DSS: • Rotation • Planting Date • Hybrid Selection • Fertilizers • Planting Operations

  25. Fertilizers Reduce Aflatoxin • Fertility stress is a major factor • Aflatoxin is increased by hot weather. Potash “cools” the plant • Aflatoxin is increased by dry weather. Phosphates help “water” the plant

  26. Fertilizers Reduce Aflatoxin

  27. Potash’s Role in Corn Production • Critical to cool the plant • Builds plant proteins • #1 defense against disease • Responsible for corn stalk strength and lodging resistance

  28. Potash Increases Corn Yields From DSS in 2006, applying 50 lbs per acre of banded potash added 24 bushels of corn per acre, a net increase of $76 per acre.

  29. Potash Rates in 2005 Higher K rates on late planted corn helped overcome yield drag

  30. 2005 Plant Tissue Samples • Corn needs to have 2.25% K or higher for top yields • Banded K had higher K levels in 2005

  31. Phosphorous for Corn • Increases water use efficiency • Root growth • Seed formation (kernel numbers and rows) • Hastens maturity

  32. P Increases Corn Yields In the DSS Program in 2004, adding 35 lbs. per acre of phosphate in a band added more bushels of corn per acre.

  33. P Increases Corn Yields In 2006, adding an extra 30 lbs per acre of phosphate added 32 more bushels of corn per acre. This means $100 more per acre.

  34. Banding Increases Efficiency • Phosphates (P) and potash (K) get tied-up in the soil: • 1 lb. P & K in a band = 2 lbs. broadcast • Injecting increases availability to roots

  35. Zinc in 2006 Corn • Zinc increased corn yields by 15 bushels per acre. • Banding zinc is the most efficient way to apply • Zinc will lower moisture at harvest; less chance for aflatoxin

  36. Nitrogen Rates in 2005

  37. Optimum N Rates in 2006

  38. 2005 Plant Tissue Samples • Early N needs to be 5.0 for highest yields • Growth Stage 3 is between 350 and 500 GDUs • In 2005 = mid-April

  39. 2005 Plant Tissue Samples • Showed that corn plants were starving for nitrogen before the roots could reach the sidedress fertilizer • Plants low in N grow slower, have less grain per ear, has delayed pollination and more diseases

  40. Increasing Early N in Corn • Background shows 30 lbs. N per acre with planter compared to none

  41. Value of Pre-emergence Nitrogen on Corn Yields Highest yields came from 25 to 50 lbs. /acre nitrogen prior to corn emergence Bu. /A

  42. Increasing Early N in Corn • Apply 30 lbs. to 50 lbs./acre nitrogen prior to corn emergence • Add balance of nitrogen at sidedress

  43. Sulfur on 2006 Corn • Applying 15 lbs. /acre of sulfur increased yields by 19 bu/ acre, a $60 net income increase

  44. Low Boron Levels in Corn • Boron is responsible for healthy root growth and resistant to diseases. • A lack of boron in a corn plant results in: • Poor kernel development. • The deterioration of root and stem growing points. • Stunted roots. Boron deficient corn at left; note twisting of kernels toward tip. Boron deficient corn at left; note twisting of kernels toward tip.

  45. 2007 Corn Fertility Program • Apply 30 to 50 lbs. N and 4 to 8 lbs. of sulfur at planting; • OFC mixes uses clay to keep from losing nitrogen • Apply balance of N plus P, K, S, Zn and B at sidedress

  46. How do We Increase Profits? Based on DSS: • Rotation • Planting Date • Hybrid Selection • Fertility Program • Planting Operations

  47. Planter Calibration • Researchers claim a 10 to 15% reduction in yields by using poorly calibrated planters. • Results showed an increase of up to 23 bushels per acre when spacing corn evenly • Uneven seed depth lowers yields from 5% to 25%.

  48. Planting Depth Affects Yields • Shallow planting lowered yields by 11 bushels in field trials. • Plant corn between 1 1/2 to 2 inches deep.

  49. Planting Depth Affects Yields • This photo show the same hybrid from the same field planted the same day with the same amount of fertilizer; one was planted too shallow • Shallow planting produced less roots which caused a N deficiency. • Shallow planting will cause moisture stress

  50. Impact of Planting Speed Planting slower produced more corn

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